Assess Critically Three Causes of World War I Essay

World War I and its consequences have dominated European history since 1914. Because of the bitter controversy over the post-war peace treaties, the origins of the war continued to be an issue of utmost political importance in the years to come. The Great War had its roots in 1870 in the grand expansion and uncontrolled ambitions of Bismarck and the new Germany (Wolfson et al 1997). Imperialism, which began to emerge around the turn of the 20th century also played a decisive role. Fights over the colonies contributed to the establishment of complex set of international alliances, which helped to destabilize the European balance of power and when combined with the third factor – instability in the Balkan region – inevitably sparked off the First World War. Besides the three main causes, they were also other conditions, like the arms race between Germany and Britain, a process of social-economic modernization in Europe, the increasing importance of international prestige, the underestimation of the counterpart’s power, which also contributed to the outbreak of the war. As Joll (1990) argues, there were also philosophical facts that had great impact in the evolution of the tragic events of 1914. The prevalent Darwinian ideas of the survival of the fittest, of the struggle for existence were among European statesmen prior 1914. The Versailles Treaty, signed in June 1919 unambiguously blamed Germany, the military regime of the Kaiser, William II and his allies for causing all the loss and damage they imposed upon Europe between 1914-1918. In the eighty- five years since the war ended however there has been a growing awareness, that the origins of the war were far more complex. Historians have studied not only the tangle of alliances and treaties which existed before the war but also the connections between the political and military spheres, the influence of domestic policies, and the national myths and traditions (Merriman 1996). Looking back in history, the Franco-Prussian War (1870) completely changed the balance of power in Europe and strengthened Germany’s position as the leading continental power. The annexation of Alsace-Lorraine never healed the wounds in France, and poisoned the relations between the two countries down to 1914. European politics from the 1880s was dominated by a dense web of alliances and treaties, which aimed to consolidate Germany’s position in Europe. However, Bismarck’s international relations were only successful in the short-term and in the long-term they were plagued by insecurity and mistrust. As one alliance developed, it aroused the distrust of those states excluded from it, which then created counter-alliances (Joll 1990). French hostility was inevitable but Britain and Russia had also become deeply suspicious of German policies. But insecurity ruled also between the Russians and the French, the French and the British, the Serbs and the Russians, and the Germans and the Austrians. By the time Bismarck left office in 1890, his only reliable German allies were the Dual Monarchy of Austro-Hungary and Italy, and this remained the position in 1914. By 1914 the key European alliances were: -Germany-Austro-Hungary (1789) -France-Russia (1893) -Entente Cordial between England-France (1904) -The Triple Entente between England France and Russia (1907) and -Russia-Serbia (1914) Out of the great European powers only Austro-Hungary entered the war with a clear aim: to end the challenge of the South-Slav nationalism; the other participants fought for their survival as Great Powers. So Austria has to bear also some responsibility for the outbreak of the war. Russia was not ready for war, she desperately needed to avoid another humiliation as in 1905 in the Russo-Japanese war – the first time in history, when white supremacy became endangered. The British government was also reluctant to become involved in the war, it had its own problems with the Irish Home Rule, with strikes and suffragettes (Gildea 1996). France was also on the defensive side, she had its socialists to worry about, but she highly relied on the Russian alliance given the danger of the German attack. Imperialism played a decisive role in the escalation of the tensions between the Great Powers at the outbreak of the war in 1914. As Marxist historians considered, imperial expansion was the logical extension of the development of monopoly capitalism, and such it would lead to war and eventually to international revolution (Wolfson et al 1997). The motives for swift colonial expansion prior the Great War were mixed and complex. There was a strong ideological belief in the superiority of European culture, but also the possession of colonies was a factor of world power. Imperialism poisoned the relations between the Great Powers from the 1870s. Although the Berlin Conference of 1884-85 had settled the principles of European colonisation, further disagreements developed among the parties over territory, access to raw materials and markets, thus leading to series of crisis, like the Fashoda incident (1898), or the Anglo-Boer War (1899-1902) (Merriman 1996). The issue of control over the Suez Canal particularly embittered the relation between Britain and France, because France was deeply jealous of British colonial supremacy. Germany was keen to exploit this rupture to win France over to his side, and to bully Great Britain into making concessions to Germany (Gildea 1996). However, the Anglo-German rivalry, which became acute by 1914, was the most important clash among the Great Powers (Eksteins 1989). British statesmen were eager to uphold certain principles in Europe. They were concerned by the prospect of any nation becoming too powerful and providing a threat to British world power. Germany, which had been united as recently as 1871, and within one generation had become an awesome industrial and military power, posed real danger to the British pre-eminence and mastery in Europe. However the most dangerous acceleration came in the field of naval expansion. Since Britain held her navy to be vital, any attempt to rival it by another power, particularly Germany would meet a spirited response (Wolfson et al 1997 ). Britain also feared that Germany and Russia might make common cause, for instance in the Middle East (Stone 1973). However there were many other signs that the alliance system was overheating in the years before 1914. Morocco – rich in mineral and agricultural wealth – on the northern coast of Africa had become a central feature of the world politics because it combined a variety of aims and interest (Wolfson et al 1997). It provided an opportunity for colonial expansion, and also to enhance European aims in relative safety. By 1900 several European countries were eager to exploit the resources of Morocco, particularly Germany and France coveted the place. In 1904, in the ‘Entente Cordial’ Britain had recognised French interest over the country. Germany was not consulted of these negotiations. In the Algeciras conference in 1906 Germany found herself deserted by all but Austro-Hungary, and the German delegation had to be satisfied with a share of international control of Moroccan finances (Wolfson et al ibid). In 1911 when France was given a protectorate in Morocco, Kaiser William attacked the Moroccan port, Agadir, to protect German interests there. Although direct confrontation was avoided when the Germans were compensated by an offer of territory in the French Kongo, this compromise could only offer a temporary solution to the Franco-German conflict, since Germany was dissatisfied with the resolution. The Agadir crisis also had harmful consequences for the peace of Europe. On the one hand, Germany had suffered a diplomatic defeat, but on the other hand, the British, French and Russian governments were alarmed by the aggressive attitude of the Germans. France was also humiliated, which fact stimulated the awakening of national feeling in France (Gildea 1996). The growth of opposition to imperial rule resulted in the emergence of nascent nationalist movements in Europe. The principle of national self-determination had been gaining force since the revolutions of 1848, and revolutionary nationalism in various forms threatened the Ottoman, Austrian, German, Russian and British Empires. The war of 1914 was also due to the unbearable national tensions within the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the attempts of that power to escape from them by action dangerous to peace (Wolfson et al 1997). Austro-Hungary had always been a multi-racial state and the subject races were now rebelling against it. Nationalism of the different nationalities within the empire profoundly threatened the stability of its power, and thus the empire sought a swift and easy victory that would reunite the nationalities against a common enemy. So, finally, it was the Balkan which was the tinderbox for the outbreak of the war. The national struggles of the Balkan people were complicated by the rivalry between the powers in the area. Of the five great powers, Russia, Austria and Germany were particularly interested in the area either on political, or cultural reasons. Also, the control of the Balkan meant an abundant supply of cheap raw materials, a populous market and a large field for profitable investment for the rival parties. In 1908 the Ottoman provinces of Bosnia-Herzegovina, which had been occupied by Austria Hungary since the Congress of Berlin in 1878, were annexed by the Austro-Hungarian government, mainly to prevent these Slav provinces from being absorbed by the Slav kingdom of Serbia. These Turkish provinces were of great strategic importance to the Habsburgs. Russia, the protector of the South Slavs, didn’t fight over this issue, because she was compensated by access to the Mediterranean. However, as an immediate repercussion to the Bosnian crisis, Russia constructed a Balkan block as a bulwark against further Austrian expansion. The success of the Balkan League (1912) against the Turkish Ottoman Empire horrified the Great Powers. Each of the new Balkan powers had made significant gains of both territory and prestige. These gains endangered the plans of Russia and Austro-Hungary for the domination, if not annexation, of the Balkan (Wolfson et al 1997). The emergence of a victorious Serbia grew particularly troublesome in the region. The Czar felt that Russia had suffered a diplomatic defeat because due to Austrian insistence she could not obtain Albania for Serbia. Austria-Hungary considered her ambitions to reach the Aegean directly affected, and she also considered that a powerful Serbian state might be dangerous if it reached the sea, and under the influence of Russia might be able to close Austria’s only outlet, the Adriatic. Therefore some of the bolder statesmen of the Dual Monarchy desired to keep Serbia always dependent. The consequences of the Balkan Wars directly led to the outbreak of the First World War. The increasingly serious crises sparkled the murder of the Austro-Hungarian heir to the throne at Sarajevo by Bosnian students. They opposed the Trialism that advocated the integration of Bosnia-Herzegovina into the Kingdom of Serbia, but the Serbian government was not responsible in the killing (Gildea 1996). However, the crisis couldn’t have developed further, if imperial tensions hadn’t poisoned the relation between the Great Powers. In the approach to the outbreak of the First World War three factors were crucial. Imperialism, the system of international alliances, and the rising nationalism. However, the ambitions and strategies of the Great Powers, colonial rivalry, awakening national pride were also decisive factors. Imperialism fuelled conflicts among the Great Powers, particularly when it threatened the participants’ pride, and interest. But it also led to the frustrations of ethnic minorities, which in turn sparkled violent reactions. The Morocco crisis increased the sense of international insecurity and intensified the pressure on states to rearm. The Balkan Wars strengthened the position of the Balkan powers, which challenged the plans of Russia and Austria-Hungary for domination. Each of these clashes had the potential to ignite a European war and while none solely contributed to the outbreak of war, they certainly assisted in the creation of a complex series of international alliances geared towards mutual protection against mutual enemies. B I B L I O G R A P H Y Eksteins, M. 1989. Rites of Spring. The Great War and the Birth of the Modern Age. London: Bantam Press. Joll, J. 1990. Europe since 1870. London: Penguin. Gildea, R. 1996. Barricades and Borders. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Merriman, J. 1996. The History of Europe Vol 2. London: Norton. Stone, N. 1973. Europe Transformed 1878-1919. London: Fontana. Wolfson, R. Laver, J. 1997. Years of Change. Europe 1890-1945.

Color Imagery †The Great Gatsby Essay

Writers often use a variety of literary devices in their literature to relate to the themes of their stories. Imagery is just one of the many that are used to create the structure for the literary pieces. Imagery can be used to form images in the reader’s mind, appealing to the human senses. F. Scott Fitzgerald, the mind behind the American Modernist novel The Great Gatsby, uses a specific form of this literary device, which is color imagery, to make a more meaningful visual experience for the reader. Patterns of certain colors represent recurring themes in the story as a whole. In The Great Gatsby, certain characters portray the significance of colors in the color theory. Jay Gatsby, Daisy Buchanan, and Jordan Baker’s actions in the story prove this point through their actions and their words. Fitzgerald’s story contains an aspect of wealth, and each character goes about it in his or her own way, connecting back to the imagery the author uses. By examining the desire for power, material possession, dishonesty, and deception, it is clear that the colors yellow and gold are used to represent these themes. Fitzgerald’s color imagery is clear when yellow is used to describe situations of greed and the desire for power throughout the story. In The Great Gatsby, there are several characters who wish to have more, who are never satisfied with what they have. They become greedy, and their actions, as small as some are, help to prove this. Daisy Buchanan is Jay Gatsby’s love interest in the story. However, it is known that she is married to Tom Buchanan, and that they have a child together. The narrator of the story, Nick Carraway, describes Tom as an aggressive, arrogant, self-absorbed, man. His aggressiveness leads him to verbally and physically abuse Daisy. One may believe that the best situation would be for her to simply leave Tom in order for her to have a better life. The thing is that Daisy cannot get herself to do that because she craves power and wealth. Daisy is observed by Nick, and is described as being â€Å"in white, her dress rippling and fluttering†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (8). When thinking of an actual daisy flower, it’s known that a daisy has white petals with a yellow center. In the story, Mrs. Buchanan is in a white dress, exhibiting purity and innocence, but the yellow inside clearly shows she is full of nothing but greed. She stays with Tom, an abusive husband, because she enjoys having a luxurious life. Daisy does indeed represent a daisy flower, with her true color, yellow, showing through her actions. Along with Daisy, George Wilson subtly shows a desire for more in the story. According to Nick, George is â€Å"a blonde, spiritless man†¦ and fairly handsome† (25). Mr. Wilson’s hair is blonde, which ties with yellow in the story. When Tom Buchanan visits George in the Valley of Ashes, the first thing he says to Tom is, â€Å"When are you going to sell me that car? † (25). George knows that Tom is a wealthy man, and although not being straightforward with it, George wants more than what he has with his dull life in the Valley of Ashes. His blonde hair shows that because the author’s use of yellow shows the greed and the desire for power in the story. Fitzgerald applies his color imagery to The Great Gatsby in a very sophisticated way because he uses a single color to express multiple ideas. Not only do yellow and gold display a craving for more, but it also shows the material wealth that someone can have. As discussed earlier, Tom Buchanan and Daisy Buchanan lead lives of great affluence. They live in the East Egg, the more extravagant of the two Eggs, in Long Island, New York. As the narrator of the story observes the couple’s beautiful mansion, he says it has a â€Å"front broken by a line of French windows, glowing now with reflected gold and wide open to the warm, windy afternoon†¦ (6). Nick’s portrayal of the luxurious Buchanan home and life using gold shows how the author uses the color to represent material possession. While Nick Carraway spends time describing the Buchanans’ affluence, his own material possession is also depicted. Nick’s love interest in the story is a woman named Jordan Baker. He spends a significant amount of time with her, and recounts what kind of stuff they do together. At one of Gatsby’s great parties, Nick is with Jordan, when he says, â€Å"With Jordan’s slender golden arm resting in mine, we descended the steps and sauntered the garden† (43). Nick has Jordan Baker’s â€Å"golden arm† in his, which shows how he clearly sees her as some sort of righteous prize, a possession of his. The gold is used to make Jordan Nick’s very own material possession. That is how Fitzgerald expresses yellow and gold when relating to this theme. Misleading and being dishonest are two of the things that several characters do in The Great Gatsby to portray themselves as better, or just simply different. In this story, dishonesty and deception are expressed by the author. Many in the story wonder how Jay Gatsby became this extremely rich man. Mystery surrounds Mr. Gatsby, and it is learned that it is his purpose to keep it a mystery. When he picks up Nick Carraway in his yellow Rolls-Royce he tells him some details about his origin. However, Nick is immediately suspicious of what Mr. Gatsby is telling him in his yellow car. He tells Nick to be wary about what rumors he hears about Gatsby, and he tells him about Oxford and his status in the military. Gatsby seems to be trying very hard to create an image of himself that simply is not accurate. Gatsby is so full of deception that Nick somehow â€Å"manages to restrain his incredulous laughter† (66). The narrator knows for a fact that something just does not add up, and this all happens in the luxurious yellow vehicle. While in the car, Gatsby is dishonest to Nick for the first time. He may have shown â€Å"evidence†, but Nick knows that Gatsby is deceiving him in a way. Another character close to the narrator also displays very misleading behavior. Not unlike Daisy Buchanan, Jordan Baker is described as having a delicate white dress, making her seem like a pristine, pure object. Nevertheless, Nick also observes Miss Baker’s â€Å"autumn-leaf yellow hair† (17). The narrator learns that Jordan is not all that truthful when he realizes that she did not play fair in a gold tournament once. Nick says, â€Å"At her first big gold tournament there was a suggestion that she had moved her ball from a bad lie in the semi-final round†¦ she was incurably dishonest† (57-58). Her dishonesty ties back to the narrative description of her yellow hair. All in all, the author clearly displays yellow as a color of deception and fraud. F. Scott Fitzgerald’s use of color imagery in The Great Gatsby not only makes a clear picture in the reader’s mind, but it also helps to relate to the broader themes of the whole story. He uses color patterns and attaches colors to certain images to craft a big idea using few words. More specifically, the yellow and gold patterns portray the themes of greed, desire for power, material possession, and dishonesty. Daisy Buchanan wanting to keep her power despite having to stay with Tom, Nick’s prize in Jordan Baker, and Gatsby’s apparent deception all fall under the color yellow. This again shows Fitzgerald’s multiple ideas under a single color. The many examples and patterns of one color are not coincidental, and that is why yellow and gold tie perfectly into the story in regards to representing themes and motifs in The Great Gatsby.

How the human race has become dependent on technology and how this Research Paper

How the human race has become dependent on technology and how this negatively influences the human race individually and as a w - Research Paper Example The introduction of nuclear weapons, luxury items, television, computer and daily used appliances has become a target of these opponents. These opponents argue that technology is making things difficult for mankind and these problems would be felt in the latter years of life. On the other hand the proponents of technology argue that it is a blessing for the whole mankind as it is making things a lot easier for people. The question then remains â€Å"Is technology really affecting us adversely or not?† This essay would further address this question by revolving around the negative influence of technology on our daily lives. The introduction of internet and computers in our life has turned out to be joyful for many as individuals enjoy surfing and chatting on the internet. Internet not only helps one to surf and chat but also helps to find out useful information about different topics. But the opponents argue that internet has turned out to be a disaster for many. Experts on tec hnology believe that excess usage of computers and internet makes one impulsive and forgetful in his daily life. Excessive usage of internet has been termed to be fall under the category of addiction. Different types of self assessment tests have been designed to check if one falls under the category of internet addiction or not. ... In other words internet is causing people to be distracted from education and family both at the same time. Cell phones also fall in the category of the internet as they seem to be causing dependence amongst the people too (Parker 2010). The introduction of nuclear power and nuclear weapons has also turned different aspects of the world. Nuclear power has helped countries to increase their capacity to generate energy so that the scarce resources can be preserved. However on the other hand the negative aspects of nuclear power are not being considered over its advantages. One of the most potential disadvantages of nuclear power is that it creates waste which can be harmful to the environment. Although the nuclear plants have a refining plant through which they reduce their waste but this refinery is not successfully able to contain the radioactive material inside the waste. The chance of accidents in these nuclear plants is also high and certainly causes high risk to the life of a hum an being. Similarly these nuclear power plants are also capable of producing enough plutonium every year so that nuclear warheads can be built (Swain 2007). Nuclear warheads are of serious concern to the whole society as they may be harming the society as a whole. In the World War II it was seen that the atom bomb was able to destroy a large area of Japan which harmed the integrity of the human race. These nuclear weapons have been a cause of concern for the whole world as they may fall in the hands of the wrong people. Nowadays even some of the third world countries like India and Pakistan possess these nuclear warheads. A study showed that the nuclear warheads in Pakistan are susceptible to being stolen by the terrorists. This clearly shows that the invention of nuclear weapons in

Business report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Business report - Essay Example Walmart’s leadership is often attracts criticisms for visionless business strategies. Debate about the replacing of present CEO is going on. Walmart’s failure to incorporate technology properly with the supply chain operations is bringing lot of criticisms. In any case, business practices in Wal-Mart are undergoing microscopic examination at present. In short, Walmart’s business practices need lot of modifications. This business report critically analyses Wal-Mart’s business practices and provides recommendations to improve it. Founded in 1962 by Sam Walton, American based Wal-Mart is the largest retailer in the world at present. Retail revolutions were taking place in America in the 60’s and 70’s and Sam Walton exploited the opportunities very well with the help of innovative business strategies. â€Å"Sam Waltons strategy was built on an unshakeable foundation: The Lowest Prices Anytime, Anywhere. As of 2012, the company employs 2.2 million associates worldwide and serves 200 million customers each week at more than 10,000 stores in 27 countries† (Wal-Mart: History timeline, 2012). Despite of unfavorable market conditions, Wal-Mart was able to maintain its growth in recent years also. â€Å"Net sales increased by 5.9 percent to $443.9 billion, and consolidated operating income grew by 4 percent to $26.6 billion in 2012† (50 years of helping customers save money and live better, 2012, p.3). (See appendix 1 for more details about Wal-Mart’s performance in last 50 years). It should be noted that global markets are currently going through a bad patch because of the ongoing recession problems. Yet, Wal-Mart seems to be less affected by these problems. Even though, Wal-Mart’s published financial results in recent times are extremely good, many people believe that the company is facing too many strategic problems at present. It is believed that

Political Philosophy (Hobbes' ideas about human nature) Essay

Political Philosophy (Hobbes' ideas about human nature) - Essay Example Both these influences seem to have greater influence over the way Hobbes political thoughts developed over the period of time. His thoughts on political philosophy were therefore strongly oriented towards separating religion from the politics and state. Hobbes strongly advocated the minimal role of religious orthodoxy into the affairs of the government and resultantly he suggests that it is the sovereign which should have an authority over the religion. What is critical to note that Hobbes suggested that a person’s duties to God must not override his duties to the sovereign? This therefore makes his overall political philosophy different from earlier thoughts on the relationship between religion and the politics. This paper will discuss the philosophy of Hobbes and will make a comparison and contrast between his philosophy and that of Locke. Hobbes on Human Nature One of the most important difficulties while one reads about Hobbes’s thoughts on the human nature is the f act that his ideas on human nature cannot be easily separated from his overall political philosophy. ... Hobbes therefore strongly believed that Man is not the social animal because a society cannot exist without the establishment of a government. This orientation of the Hobbes towards the nature of the man therefore suggests that man will be at war with each other perpetually. Such tendency of the man therefore can only be controlled if there is a strong sovereign with absolute powers to control such instinctive nature of man. It is because of this reason that Hobbes believes that absolute monarchy may be the right kind of political system to control such institutive nature of man. To better understand the political philosophy of Hobbes and his ideas on human nature, it is also important to understand his concept of the state of the nature. The state of nature is used as a hypothetical condition which preceded the government. Hobbes increasingly views human nature from the perspective of the state of the nature because he believe that the human nature in the state of nature is quite po or, brutish, solitary as well as short. He therefore argues that the man essentially is a selfish individual and in the absence of any government, his selfishness can prevent the establishment of a social or society. He therefore argues that in order to accommodate the individual rights within a society, it is important for individuals to cede some of their rights and others will also follow the same. That is how the society is created out of the essential human nature. (Martinich) He also went on to argue that a man cannot, by his nature, find god or evil and therefore in order to live in peace, it is important for him to subjugate him to an authority of the government which is strong enough to provide the required support to an individual. Another

Terrorism and Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Terrorism and Policy - Essay Example or terrorist activities; and empowers the enforcement agencies to scrutinize foreign jurisdictions and to monitor the transactions of foreign financial agencies. Bank accounts are to be closely monitored to detect any criminal abuse of those accounts. The US enforcement authorities can direct foreign financial institutions and service providers to report money laundering activities that are linked to terrorist activity. In addition, this Act seeks to prevent foreign officials from exploiting the American financial system for their own ends. It also, facilitates the repatriation of stolen assets to the country where the theft transpired (Financial Crimes Enforcement Network). The official name of the USA PATRIOT Act is the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act. It was enacted in the aftermath of the September 11 terrorist attacks in 2001.This act provides widespread powers to the police and intelligence agencies, and it also expands the authority of law enforcement authorities in search and surveillance interventions. More importantly, the PATRIOT Act rescinds the checks and balances system, which enables the courts to review the constitutional validity of statutes and to conduct a judicial review of such statutes, in order to ensure that there is no abuse of power by the government. The Constitution bestowed civil liberties and right to privacy on the citizens, but these rights have been endangered by the PATRIOT Act. It also affects the democratic traditions and customs in the US, and there is widespread opposition in the US against this statute, because it repeals the fundamen tal rights of the people (The USA PATRIOT Act). Homeland security aims to protect the US from any potential terrorist attack. Its fundamental duties include preparedness against such attacks, ensuring a high level of protection against terrorist attacks and the management of the results of such attacks on the US.

SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE AND PUBLIC POLICY-CASE STUDIES IN POLICY PowerPoint Presentation - 2

SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE AND PUBLIC POLICY-CASE STUDIES IN POLICY DECISION - PowerPoint Presentation Example Afar from the international politics of power, the general realization is that there was no practical, strategic and military justifications for the development of a weapon with such huge prospects of destruction. The development of a Hydrogen Bomb just for the sake of proving a point was in no way practical considering the resources that were utilized in the development of such a weapon. Furthermore, the possibility of using such an immensly destructive weapon was unethical and inhumane by any standards even during wars. However, Dr. Edward Teller speculated that the fear aroused by the existence of such a weapon would drive humanity to engage in more reasonable politics rather than the politics of destruction (Groot, 2004, p.164). In a letter to the President, Lewis Strauss stressed that the public opinion was already against the development of such a weapon due to the heavy costs (Strauss, 1950). However, Teller also outlines that the success of such a weapon in checking power and possibly preventing a war, would only be successful when another country like the Soviet Union possessed the same weapon. The question is what happenns when the balance of power is broken when some unruly third w orld country or a terrorist organization gains possession of such a technology? Gizewski (1996, p.399) adds that the move of making such a destructive weapon would tarnish the image of any nation in international politics due to the emotions harbored after the Nagasaki and Hiroshima atomic bombings. The military/strateic justifications further make the development of hydrogen bomb unreasonable. According to Groot (2004, p.182), the arms race that was experienced among the developed nations during the cold war could have only been stopped when nations ceased from making destructive weapons and filling up their arsenals. The United States had realized that it could not make

Should you worry about cell phone, cellular antenna and Wi-Fi device Research Paper

Should you worry about cell phone, cellular antenna and Wi-Fi device radiation why or why not - Research Paper Example Therefore, every individual should be worried about cell phone, cellular antenna and Wi-Fi device radiation (Mercola, 2008). Studies conducted by scientists have indicated that exposure to electromagnetic waves cause significant changes on the human body. Doctor Mercola indicates that although extensive research has not been carried out to determine the clear effects that radio radiation has on individuals, it would be a grave mistake to conclude that the emissions are inconsequential (Mercola, 2008). Some scientists have used rats to conduct similar experiments and have concluded that the radiation emitted by these devices has an effect on the biological and maturation processes of the rodents. Other researchers have scientifically linked some health complications such as sleep disruptions, dementia, fatigue, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Autism, Headaches, poor concentration and failing memory to the electromagnetic waves emitted by cell phones, cellular antenna and Wi-Fi devices. However, these health implications have other causes as well, although the radiation emitted from these devices ca nnot be ruled out. Cell phone, cellular antenna and Wi-Fi device radiation seems to create potential health risks to humans. Therefore, people should be worried about being exposed to this kind of radiation, as it has adverse effects on their health (Shelly and Vermaat,

Internships Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Internships - Essay Example To support the idea of unpaid internships, various references from the essay and a book have been used. From the essay of â€Å"No pay? Many interns say, `No problem† it has been indicated that the absence of intern pay does not seem to dissuade the students from making application to the internships especially those that offer personal skills as well as gaining experience. Surprisingly, many paid partnerships usually do not attract many candidates because intern duties and location plays a big role in attracting the students to apply (Helperin 588). From the book of `The Successful Internship: Personal, Professional and Civil Development` by H. Fredrick Sweitzer and Mary A. King the benefits of internship were discussed. H. Fredrick Sweitzer who was a professor Humans Services at the Hartford University had placed and supervised the undergraduates for a period of twenty years and also developed the aspect of internship seminar at the Hartford University. Through the efforts of the professor, the successful internship as a facilitator to three important aspects of development was illustrated; the civic, professional and personal (Sweitzer 5).In his book, he stated that one can enter internship from different points when developing these three categories. Internship acts as an opportunity for emotional and intellectual development that is significant in an individual life. The ability to look at given information critically, think creatively and have a look at serious issues from the multiple points of view can be acquired through internship. The internship can as well act as a powerful catalyst for individual growth and manufacturing supervisors that are qualified. Under the professional development, some of the students usually enter the internship primarily for exploration of career (Sweitzer 5). Such students may be studying the traditional arts

Women's Health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Women's Health - Essay Example Although most of the adverse effects from this vaccine have not been documented, several side effects have been observed. Some effects have even lead to death. Other side effects that have been observed include blindness, heart and respiratory problems, different forms of paralysis, headaches, pain in joints and muscles and allergies. Additionally, abnormal PAP Smear test results have been observed in girls who have been injected with the Gardasil vaccine. Another reason why the vaccine should not be mandatorily administered is the little research that has been done. The clinical tests were done on a considerably small sample. The manufacturers, pharmaceutical giant, Merck, Inc., have previously manufactured other controversial drugs that have seen this company being sued. Therefore, obligating the young to undertake the vaccine is like sacrificing them to act as experimental subjects. The vaccine could cause lifelong damage to the girls such as infertility. It is thus unethical to obligate public use of a vaccine that has not been fully tested for toxic effects. Additionally, the vaccination of girls might lead to increased misuse of sex. Since the girls are somehow assured of protection from some sexually transmitted diseases, they might consider it safe to indulge in premarital sex carelessly and at a tender

Avon Rubber Diving Aggressively Into Rebreather Market Essay Example for Free

Avon Rubber Diving Aggressively Into Rebreather Market Essay Rebreathers, the subject of this article, are an exciting new technology. The background and chemistry of rebreathers is quite interesting in that they were largely improved upon and regularly used by a famous American cave diver, Bill Stone, who wanted to more deeply explore underwater cave passages. He demonstrated his rebreather in 1987 to the diving community. They allow a human to breathe for long periods of time either underwater or in a different atmosphere. Through a carefully controlled exothermic reaction in one partition of the device, they essentially â€Å"scrub† exhaled carbon dioxide in order to allow it to be â€Å"rebreathed† in a closed system, hence the name of the equipment (Tabor, 2010). This article, which was just published on June 18th of this year, cites an acquisition and expansion by a company, Avon Rubber P. L. C. , in order to manufacture rebreathing devices. The fact that this article exists highlights the fact that they are fast becoming more widely used and sought-after. One main focal point of the article is the fact that the US Navy has commissioned Avon Rubber for a rebreather device worth an initial estimated $30 million to the company. The article mentions their future uses in diving and military applications, and it’s of note that the company is expanding into several countries to further develop â€Å"respiratory protection system technology† (McNulty, 2013). This article leads this reviewer to think about the exciting future possibilities in exploration that the advancement of rebreather technology will lead to. However, the questions raised, in this reviewer’s eyes, largely have to do with the safety aspects of rebreathers and the social issues surrounding their military use. The knowledge that our military is spending huge sums on rebreathers leads to the questioning of the need for such technology in a military fashion (instead of in an exploratory manner by NASA, for example). The risk factors involved are also rather high, especially as the technology becomes more widely available. An inherent problem with rebreathers is the swift death that can occur from breathing in carbon dioxide that has not been sufficiently â€Å"scrubbed†. As stated in the book Blind Descent, the user has no warning that the air they are breathing is tainted with insufficiently scrubbed CO2. Hopefully, this will be further perfected in advanced versions. Even though there will always be risks involved in their use, the very fact that we have been able to manipulate the chemistry of respiration in such a way is exciting in terms of human scientific advancement.

Kants Categorical Imperative Essay Example for Free

Kants Categorical Imperative Essay Kantian ethics is a deontological, absolute theory proposed by Immanuel Kant in the late 1700’s. Kant taught that an action could only count as the action of a good will if it satisfied the test of the Categorical Imperative. The categorical imperative is based around the idea to act solely for the sake of duty. For example, you should share your sweets because it is a good thing to do; not because it makes you feel good. Consequentially, Kant would justify the good feeling you do when you perform a good act as a bonus not a reward. This opposes the hypothetical imperative which is where you act simply so you receive a of reward of some sort. The categorical imperative is based upon universable rules; maxims. These maxims are absolute moral statements that Kant says should be used everywhere by everyone and should thus never be broken. For example, do not kill. Additionally, the categorical imperative does not take individual situations into account. This means it is applicable to all situations and very straight forward to follow considering that everyone allegedly has the innate knowledge to follow these rules; for example do not steal. However, since it is absolute it means you must ignore any emotional influences on your decisions. Kant’s morals truths are revolved around following reason, not feelings. For example, if you have to choose between saving your grandfather or an unknown baby; the baby should be saved considering it has longer to live and more potential. You must ignore any temptation to save your relative due to your emotional attachment because you know reason does not justify that decision. Unlike the hypothetical imperative, the categorical imperative uses ends not means so is non-consequentialist. Therefore, it is wrong to use someone or something to achieve a certain outcome. For example, to be kind to my mum simply so she gives me money to go shopping. Kant would object to this instance in that you should be kind to your mother since it is your duty to respect your parents and be a kind person. Kant believed in a kingdom of ends. This idea is if everyone followed universalisation we would all be treated with equal respect. Furthermore, the Kantian theory is based upon the concept that good will joined with duty accounts an action as good. â€Å"It is impossible to conceive anything at all in the world which can be taken as good without qualification except a good will†. Thus good will, to â€Å"act for the sake of duty†, should a priority in your actions in order to fulfil your purpose not for external motives. This duty is innate within every person as a priori so an individual’s experiences, or lack of, cannot justify an action which does not follow good will. Kant believed numerous qualities for example, courage, intelligence, ambition and honour all to make a situation morally poorer. Kant also introduces the idea of the Summun Bonum. This is derived from Kant’s postulates of practical reason; aspects that are necessary within his theory for it to work. Firstly we must have freedom in order to use the innate knowledge we attain to follow duty and good will to achieve good. The Summun Bonum is the ultimate goal for everyone to aim to achieve in order to accomplish the ultimate reward. This reward points towards the existence of a God since one can only attain Summun Bonum in the afterlife; it is not achievable on earth. This means someone must be in the afterlife to give reward you what you deserve. Furthermore, this makes sense of the inequality in life. For example, paedophiles living happier lives than charity workers. Kant would say your good will must be repaid in the afterlife. b) â€Å"Kant’s ethical theory has no serious weaknesses† (Jan 09) Kan? an moral ethics is an absolute, non-consequen? alist, deontological theory proposed by Immanuel Kant. It is divided into two categories; hypothe? cal impera? ve and categorical impera? ve. The hypothe? cal impera? ve is when an act depends upon something else whereas the categorical impera? ve is an independent ac? on. A main weakness to Kant’s ethical theory is the fact that it is revolved around ful#lling your supposed duty. But who decides your duty? And what if you have two conic? ng du? es, for example you to #ght for your country but also to support your family; which do you priori? se? There are no guidelines as to which to priori? se. Furthermore, there are no guidelines how to face not priori? sing your emo? onal a)achment. By not having any considera? on for your feelings, this theory has a massive weakness since you have to be very strong willed to convince yourself Kant is correct. Especially if you were ever actually put that posi? on it seems unrealis? c anyone would chose to apply these rules, for example to save a stranger over their family. However, people may object saying a key strength to Kant’s theory is that it is a simple, absolute theory that by being applicable to all sta? ons is allowing for all people from all backgrounds and circumstances to understand as long as they have ra? onal thinking; according to Kant all human beings have. â€Å"Everyone who is ideally rational will legislate the same universal principles† Pojman (2002:147). Another unavoidable weakness to Kan?an moral ethics is that his universable laws are not applicable to all situa? ons. For example, do not lie. Should we follow that and make someone unnecessarily distressed? Kan? an ethics is not a consequen? alist theory however humans ae naturally compassionate and sensi? ve for a reason. Furthermore, from this we can deduct that your reason might not be the best thing to do. It is not guaranteed since it does not take consequences into considera? on. There are some situa? ons which require consequences to be considered since the outcome is so severe it seems kinder just to break a rule. However in response to this some people may say a prime strength of Kant’s theory is that Kant has a great respect for human beings autonomy. Therefore, a lot of dignity is carried with his theory that we have the ability to use our own ra? onal. In conclusion, Kan? an ethics de#nitely has some serious weaknesses due to the unrealis? c priori? sing of those you don’t have emo? onal connec? ons to, the fact it is not clearly applicable to every situa? on and addi? onally that it is based upon following your ‘duty’ of which is a weak concept itself for reasons explained.

Contemporary influences on design practice

Contemporary influences on design practice There are professions more harmful than industrial design, but only a very few by creating whole new species of permanent garbage to clutter up the landscape, and by choosing materials and processes that pollute the air we breath, designers have become a dangerous breed In this age of mass production when everything must be planned and designed, design has become the most powerful tool with which man shapes his tools and environments (and, by extension, society and himself). This demands high social and moral responsibility from the designer. Victor Papanek (1985) Design for sustainability is part of the bigger picture of sustainable development, a subject which has received considerable media attention in recent years due to a range of world wide crises which have manifested themselves as political problems: climate change, famine, disease and poverty. The evolution of sustainability Is been described as a series of three waves, with peaks and troughs of activity, that contribute to the momentum we see today (SustainAbility, 2006). The first wave occurred in the 1960s and 1970s with the birth of the Green Movement and the rise of Non Governmental Organisations (NGOs), such as Friends of the Earth and Greenpeace, which focused on driving change via government policy and regulation. The second wave occurred in the 1980s, set off by a range of economic crises (brought on by the collapse of the Berlin Wall) and environmental catastrophes (from Bhopal to Chernobyl) which prompted a range of legislation and environmental, healthy and safety standards. At this time NGOs used a number of high profile business transgressions to catalyse public debate and drive regulatory and market responses. The concepts of auditing, reporting and engagement within business entered the mainstream (SustainAbility, 2006). The new millennium saw the start of the third wave of sustainability. Unrest in the Middle East and elsewhere had led to a growth in anti-globalisation, often in the guise of anti-Americanism. The first World Social Forum, organised in opposition to the World Economic Forum brought together activists and NGOs from around the world, campaigning on issues such as trade justice and debt, and increasingly united on issues of water scarcity and exploitation. In the wake of another set of high profile business fiascos such as the Enron debacle, corporate governance and liability became a hot issue for top management and for financial markets. Meanwhile, businesses started to explore new partnerships with NGOs, for example Greenpeace and Shell shared a platform at the Johannesburg Summit, also Greenpeace formed a joint venture with Innogy to create the Juice wind power brand, which recently began to feed power generated by a huge offshore wind farm into the national grid (SustainAbility, 2006). Since the late 1960s when Victor Papanek (1971) first blamed the design profession for creating wasteful products and customer dissatisfaction, there has been a growing feeling in many environmental circles that design and manufacture is responsible for many of the man-made stresses imposed on the planet. A fact that is well illustrated by the fact 80 % of products are discarded after a single use and 99 % of materials used are discarded in the first six weeks (Shot in the Dark, 2000). Though this trend is expected to start to change with the introduction of new product focused environmental legislation, the fact still remains that mainstream product de ­sign draws on scarce resources to create and power products which often have little or no consideration for impact on society and the environment. Defining Industrial Design Throughout the nineteenth century, the term de ­signer was vague and ambiguous, referring to a wide range of occupations: fine artists, architects, crafts ­men, engineers and inventors (Sparke, 1983). By the twentieth century the profession of design had de ­veloped into Industrial Design as we know it today, existing in design teams and governed by manage ­ment structure (Sparke, 1983). Within industry, industrial designers tend to either work in-house, as a function of a larger organisation or as independent design consultants within a design consultancy that services a variety of different clients (Lofthouse, 2001). Within both of these capacities industrial designers can be involved in the design and development of both consumer and industrial goods (Lofthouse, 2001). This report focuses on consumer products. Within this sector, industrial designers can serve a wide range of industries such as pharmaceuti ­cals, packaging, and electrical and electronic domestic products, as such their outputs can vary enormously in terms of their nature and complexity. Design for Sustainability Emerges The concept of design for sustainability first emerged in the 1960s when Packard (1963); Papanek (1971); Bonsiepe (1973) and Schumacher (1973) began to criticise modern and unsustainable development and suggest alternatives. The second wave emerged in the late 1980s and early 1990s and coincided with the green consumer revolution. Writers such as Manzini (1990); Burall (1991), Mackenzie (1991) and Ryan (1993) began to call for design to make radical changes. This wave continued to gain momentum towards the end of the 1990s and early 2000s as design for sustainability became more widespread. Though there has been a long history of designers being mo ­tivated and interested in improving the environmen ­tal and social impact of the products they produce, there has been a lack of opportunity within the in ­dustrial context with case studies only starting to emerge from electronic and electrical companies in the early 1990s when companies such as Philips, Elec ­trolux, IBM and Xerox began to promote the work they had done in this area. Although large industry commitment to integrating environmental and social issues into product development has continued to be on the rise there has been little evidence of wide ­spread opportunity for this type of holistic thinking, in the commercial design industry. Design for sustainability issues are currently rarely addressed in the design brief (Dewberry, 1996; Lofthouse, 2001) and as such it is often difficult for designers to have the opportunity to engage with environmentally and socially responsible design in a professional capacity. This report aims to change this situation and encourage a more widespread ap ­proach to design for sustainability. Education In the past environmental and socially responsible design has not been specifically encouraged through design education and training. This is now changing for example in the UK programmes such as STEP and Sustainable Design Awards developed and run by the charity Practical Action are set up to encourage sustainability awareness in young designers working at National Curriculum key stage 3 and 4 (ages 11- 16) and A-levels respectively. Similarly projects such as DEMI (design for the environment multi-media implementation), and the pioneering work of the Centre for Sustainable Design, Goldsmiths College, Loughborough University and the setting up of a Toolbox for Sustainable Design (Bhamra and Loft ­house, 2004) which aims to help other lecturers develop sustainable design courses have helped to change this situation. Research in the field of design for sustainability is now well established, though it can still be consid ­ered a new area. Most of the developed nations now have some form of active research into design for sustainability, covering issues such as: implementa ­tion of legislation, eco-innovation, corporate social responsibility, product service systems, eco-redesign, impacts of user behaviour, design for disassembly and reverse manufacturing. Introduction. Challenge for Design Part of the challenge for designers is for them to fully understand the breadth of the agenda and appreciate what can be tackled under the umbrella of design for sustainability. Within the design community there is a general lack of awareness of many issues relating to sustainable development. Designers need to under ­stand and even communicate to their colleagues that design for sustainability is about more than recycling or using recycled materials. Design for sustainability offers a new and broader context for designing. Birkeland (2002) encapsulates this by presenting a new vision for design which is: Responsible redefining goals around needs, social/eco equity and justice. Synergistic creating positive synergies; involv ­ing different elements to create systems change. Contextual re-evaluating design conventions and concepts towards social transformation. Holistic taking a life cycle view to ensure low impact, low cost, multi-functional outcomes. Empowering fosters human potential, self-re ­liance and ecological understanding in appropri ­ate ways. Restorative integrates the social and natural world; recultivates a sense of wonder. Eco-efficient proactively aims to increase the economy of energy, materials and costs. Creative represents a new paradigm that tran ­scends traditional boundaries of discipline think ­ing. Visionary focuses on visions and outcomes and conceives of appropriate methods, to deliver them. This report aims to reverse the trend of design con ­tributing to global environmental and social prob ­lems by inspiring and empowering me to make a dif ­ference. It hopes to enlighten about the sustainability generally and show how better design can improve things. By considering the environment and society when you are designing you are able to offer your cli ­ents truly good design that meets their requirements and those of an increasingly fragile planet. In accordance with this report, I consider emergent in actuality the guide accomplished by Lunar Elements in july 2008. It represent a tool designed to help all designers, no matter what their level of experience, design more sustainable products. The designers field guide to sustainability- an overview of sustainable product development and the product life cycle Lunar Elements (2008) WHAT IS IT TRYING TO ACCOMPLISH ? Question the premise of the design Consider other approaches to the problem at hand Make is less complex Simple, elegant designs are often the least impactful Make it more useful Multiuse products can reduce consumption and in ­crease convenience HOW IS I T BROUGHT TO LIFE? Reduce material variety This can increase recyclability and can decrease man ­ufacturing energy Avoid toxic or harmful materials and chemicals PVC, polystyrene, lead and BPA for example Reduce size and weight This reduces emissions during shipping Optimize manufacturing processes Powder coat vs. paint. Pressure form vs. RIM Talk to your manufacturers about low energy, low waste alternatives Design packaging in parallel with products A green product in a wasteful package should be avoided whenever possible HOW I S IT USED? Design for Upgradeability Make standard internal components accessible and self explanatory Create durable and high quality designs Make products people want to keepand make them last Design for life after death A secondary use for a product adds value and helps reduce waste WHERE DOES IT END UP? Make it modular More easily repaired, and recycled Maximize recycled, recyclable, renewable, and biodegradable materials PET, Polypropylene, HDPE, Wood, Steel, Aluminum and PLA for example Minimize fasteners Fasteners add weight, material variety and assembly/ disassembly complexity Dont use paint Painted plastics are less likely to be recycled References Bhamra, T. A. and Lofthouse, V. A. (2004), Toolbox for Sustainable Design Education. Available at: www.lboro.ac.uk/research/susdesign/LTSN/Index.htm (Loughborough: Loughborough University). Birkeland, J. (2002), Design for Sustainability: A Sourcebook of Integrated, Eco-Logical Solutions (Sheffield: Earthscan Publications). Bonsiepe, G. (1973) Precariousness and Ambiguity: Industrial Design in Dependent Countries in Design for Need Bicknell, J. and McQiston, L. (eds.) pp. 13-19 (London: Pergamon Press, The RCA). Burall, P. (1991), Green Design (London: Design Council). Dewberry, E. L. (1996), EcoDesign Present Attitudes and Future Directions, Heskett, J. (1991), Industrial Design (London: Thames Hudson). Industrial Design Society of America (1999), IDSA web site. Available at: www.idsa.org Lofthouse, V. A. (2001), Facilitating Ecodesign in an Industrial Design Context: An Exploratory Study, Doctoral Thesis (Cranfield: In Enterprise Integration Cranfield University). Mackenzie, D. (1991), Green Design: Design for the Environment (London: Laurence King Publishing Ltd.). Manzini, E. (1990), The New Frontiers: Design Must Change and Mature, Design, 501, p. 9. Packard, V. (1963), The Waste Makers (Middlesex: Penguin). Papanek, V. (1971), Design for the Real World (New York: Pantheon Books). Papanek, V. (1985), Design pentru lumea reala (Bucuresti: Editura Tehnica) Ryan, C. (1993) Design and the Ends of Progress in O2 Event: Striking Visions, Schumacher, E. F. (1973), Small is Beautiful: a Study of Economics as if People Mattered (London: Sphere Books, Ltd.). Shot in the Dark (2000), Design on the Environment: Ecodesign for Business (Sheffield: Shot in the Dark) Sparke, P. (1983), Consultant Design: The History and Practice of the Designer in Industry (London: Pembridge Press Limited). Design for sustainability Sustainability (2006), Trends and Waves. Available at: www.sustainability.com/insight/trends-and-waves.asp.

The purpose of a Dream: Hispanic and African Americans adult students :: essays research papers

The purpose of a Dream: Hispanic and African Americans adult students within a Multicultural Environment.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  An analysis of this problem is due to such issues as age, gender and power. In working with adult students and multicultural groups as a teacher ¡Ã‚ ¦s assistant (which consist of related factors such as teaching along with instructor and applying knowledge and promoting learning skills in away to help older students learn and help to apply a technique of understanding (which motivate students in a way to learn. It been claimed that adult aged student ¡Ã‚ ¦s accounts for problems in the classroom, especially ethnic groups as Hispanic and African Americans. As an observer, I have encountered such an environment of students, returning to school after being away for many years. These students are back again willing to take on classes which will further Their education and prepare them for better jobs. In an environment of culture differences, these students are not only focusing on learning but engaged in grouping whether with their own culture or others. Much of the problems as I had observed, stems from the categories as was mentioned. The semester working with this group was challenging and yet what took place was a learning experience with a diverse group. These people will eventually express a form of a new beginning of affliction in the classroom. We as educators have struggled throughout the times. Our cohorts, and this adult community manner of relating within the classroom shows that there lies a division of differences that needed to be mended.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This class was held at a high school for evening students. The students were African Americans and Asian Americans and Hispanics. I observed the relationship between African-Americans and Hispanics. Communication was dealt with uncertainty. Many students grouped with people of their own culture , although the class was constructed to teach these students skills that would help both into the work place, no concern for communicating was seen between this group. It was observed as cultural conflict in the classroom among adults. There were no confrontations but nonverbal oppositions were there. The Asian American s did not respond yet, kept their distant- another form of not accepting change in a diverse community.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Multi-cultural citizens soon learn to recognizing limitations and the meaning of what white norms and practices of dominancy. Ruth Frankenburg (1993) speaks of three meanings of such. She names them as; race cognizance  ¡Vcultural practices seen as different but the same in value ; (2) essential racism, races are seen as different and unequal within the systems of White superiority; (3) this is called a discourse of power evasiveness which is called color blindness, or essential

Lyndon Johnson and the Tonkin Gulf Resolution Essay -- History Histori

Lyndon Johnson and the Tonkin Gulf Resolution The official rhetoric of Lyndon Johnson’s administration portrayed the Gulf of Tonkin incident as an unprovoked and malicious attack on U.S. ships by the armed forces of North Vietnam, as a result of which the President needed the power to deal militarily with the North Vietnamese. The Gulf of Tonkin incident explicitly encompasses military actions on August 2, and alleged actions on August 4, 1964, between North Vietnamese torpedo patrol boats and United States destroyers and aircraft off the coast of North Vietnam. President Johnson and many top administration officials declared that the United States was innocent of any aggressive offensive maneuvers against the North Vietnamese, and that the attack on two U.S. destroyers was an unexpected slap in the face. In reality, however, the opposite of the administration’s claims was true. Through a period of years, and especially throughout the nine months prior to the incident in the Gulf of Tonkin, there was thick and constant U.S. involvement with the South Vietnamese, who conducted many joint offensive operations against North Vietnam. This paper will show just how intensely the United States was involved in covert military action against North Vietnam in the ninemonth period (Lyndon Johnson’s first nine months as President) leading up to the Gulf of Tonkin incident. Further, it will demonstrate that the second alleged attack (August 4) by the North Vietnamese in the Gulf of Tonkin never occurred, but was fictionalized by the Johnson administration in order to ask Congress to give the President the authority to conduct overt military operations against North Vietnam. The idea for the Tonkin Gulf Resoluti... ...Secret Side of the Tonkin Gulf Incident, â€Å"Naval History, August 1999,† Annapolis MD: U.S. Naval Institute, 2002, (5 December 2002). 8 The Secret Side of the Tonkin Gulf Incident. 9 Gibbons, U.S. Government and the Vietnam War, 2. 10 Ibid., 3. 11 Ibid., 5, 6. 12 Ibid., 5. 13 National Security Action Memorandum No. 280, Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum-National Archives and Records Administration, (5 December 2002). 14 Ibid. 15 Gibbons, U.S. Government and the Vietnam War, 6. 16 Ibid., 6. 17 Ibid., 6. Emphasis mine. 18 George C. Herring, The Pentagon Papers-Abridged Edition (New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1993), 94. 19 Gibbons, U.S. Government and the Vietnam War, 2.

Global Warming and Greenhouse Gases :: Environment Environmental Pollution Preservation

Global Warming and Greenhouse Gases    With all the talk about the global warming and climate change, including international debates focused on the viability of reduced gaseous emissions, one centrally-important consideration often gets ignored. It turns out that the greenhouse gases that contribute to warming the earth constitute only about 1 percent of all gaseous atmospheric material. And if one considers only the subset of these gaseous molecules whose concentrations are thought to be altered by human activities, their atmospheric contribution drops to well below 1 percent. In the past 50 years we have begun to realize that these additions to our atmosphere, which come primarily from fossil fuel burning, will likely have significant impacts on human and ecosystem health and welfare. Simply put, these ''new'' gases, despite their low relative concentrations, have and will continue to demand our attention from political and economic points-of-view. Remarkably, albeit so small in percentage terms, greenhouse gases are critical to our maintenance of a planetary atmosphere conducive for life. Recognizing how such a minute portion of our atmosphere affects humans so significantly is a first step towards understanding why seemingly small quantities matter and likely a requisite step for living in a sustainable way. (Quantities are small in relative percentage terms, but in net emission terms, the U.S., alone, emitted a staggering 89 billion pound of CO2-equivalent greenhouse gas in 1998!) Probably the resource most taken for granted in this world is the air, particularly the oxygen that we breathe. Most of us could last several weeks without food and a few days without water, but very few of us can survive for more than minute or so without air. Both humans and animals need a constant supply of oxygen or our bodies shut down. Thankfully, the atmosphere is plentiful with this resource. Currently, the oxygen (chemically, O2) that we require takes up nearly 21 percent (by volume) of the air that we breathe; most of what we breathe in is nitrogen (N2, dominant to the tune of 78 percent) which, strangely enough, has little known purpose ingested into the body in gaseous form. Now while this vital resource is found in relative abundance, other essential gaseous resources are much less common.

Marketing and Paul Logan Essay

ACA is a marketing consultant firm specializing in creating strategies to assist businesses. Our mission is to aid your company by planning suitable approaches to support brand transition for Manchester Products. Business Overview In the case of the Manchester Products: A Brand Transition Challenge (Quelch, 2009), Manchester Product was a manufacturer, which offers premium office furniture. Also, the company is one of the leading office furniture brands in the United States because of their skills in engineering and ergonomics that make the company’s products become popular in term of style and comfort. However, the research by the company shows that 5% of their consumers purposely bought office furniture products for home. Therefore, Manchester has decided to enter household furniture market with the acquisition of Paul Logan’s Furniture Davison (PLFD). Also, Paul Logan is a well-known brand for home furniture due to its fashionable and colorful style, which makes its products unique. In addition, the acquisition only included a furniture division; however, Paul Logan still runs the apparel, fashion accessories, and home dà ©cor divisions. Also, Paul Logan allows Manchester to use its brand nam e for only a three-year period. SWOT Analysis Strengths- Manchester has a strong reputation and brand image in the office furniture market, while PLFD is the leading brand for household furniture. Therefore, the coexistence of these two popular brands will allow the company easily promotes its products. Also, the acquisition of PLFD will allow the company to expand its product line as well as gain market share from household furniture market. In addition, the company financial was stabled and expected to grow by 30% in 2005. Weakness- the company is struggling with their distribution network because office furnisher distribution did not interact with home furnisher distribution network. Thus, the consumer might have difficulty to access home furnishes products line. Opportunities- the economy started to recover after the recession period, and it seems that the household furniture industry has been growing since 2002. Therefore, there is a potential for Manchester to enter the home furniture market during this period. Threats- the increasing number of imported furnishers from China and Mexico has threaten the United States furnisher industry because these regions have lower labor cost, which make product less expensive. For instance, over the past five years, the percentage of importing furnisher from China increases by 154%. If the low-cost imports trend from overseas still continues increasing, the United States furnisher industry might collapse in the future. Synopsis of the current situation The case, Manchester Products: A Brand Transition Challenge, Quelch (2009), reports that Manchester is facing the challenge of brand transition as well as determining the marketing expenditure to support the transition of the brand. Paul Logan has strong brand images, which allows Manchester to easily promote household products. However, Manchester can use the Paul Logan brand only for three year, so after three years, the company has to change the name and by that time its might struggle to rebrand itself. Therefore, the company must make sure at first place that the consumer will not confuse or mislead with these two brands. On the other hand, the company should take advantage of Paul Logan brand image because consumer have confident to buy Paul Logan product because in the sense that they will receive a high-style and quality finisher. Moreover, since the company will use Paul Logan brand only for three year, thus company have to determine the marketing expenditure for Paul Logan by finding the right advertising strategy and promotion programs. Currently, Paul Logan mainly spends its marketing budget on push programs such as volume rebates because the company believes that rebate program will lead to successful distribution network. Whereas, Manchester focus on pull program such as national adverting because advertisement will help company promote the brand as well as provoking of sales. Identify Key Marketing concepts Customer brand roles- brands will give the knowledge about the product to the consumer. Once consumers has experienced the product and its satisfied their need. Also, when consumer already have knowledge about the brand this will make they feel more comfortable for the next purchase. Purchase decision also became less. Paul Logan is already a well-known brand for household furnisher, and consumers have their product experience and knowledge about the brand. Thus, for the next purchase, the consumer will have confidence to buy the product because they has their experience in the brand and feeling they will receive quality piece. However, if Manchester considers rebrand itself, it might take time for consumer to learn about the brand also purchase decision is more longer than buying the branded ones. Company brand roles- to protect the brand, the company should be able to keep the feature of the product, such as design, also the brand will help company-categorizing product. For instance, Manchester is known as an office furnisher and consumer might be confused if Manchester used the same brand name for household furnisher product line. Thus, the Paul Logan brand has a stronger identification for household furnishers, and it will also help consumers not be confused about the brand. Competitor brand roles- the competitor of the market-leading brand is aiming to compete by building product to target at the market leader. For example, National Furniture Company, which is Paul Logan’s competitor in terms of price point, realize that Manchester and Paul Logan will merge that brand. National takes advantage of the uncertainly association by announcing price reduction.

Happy Endings Essay

In the short tier Happy Endings by Marg aret Atwood the author displays how spell can affect characterization, or the proofreaders perceptions of characters, by showing some(prenominal) various scenarios using the identical characters exactly different fleck lines. For example, diagram B, although it uses the alike(p) characters, creates very different perceptions of those characters than the ones created in diagram A. In plot A, washbowl and bloody shame come on to be in esteem, and they appear to be happy.The plot seems to indicate this pot and bloody shame exit in love and get married. They both have worthy jobs which they find exciting and challenging. They buy a charming house. From the epoch of events revea direct, we are led to believe that John and bloody shame are two ordinary people with thoroughly lives and a healthy relationship. However, in plot B, this perception changes, even though it is told with the same characters. In this story, the reader perce ives John as a selfish jerk who barefacedly uses Mary, and Mary as a light girl with a weak will. Mary falls in love with John but John doesnt fall in love with Mary. He however uses her body for selfish pleasure and ego gratification of a tepid kind. This sequence of events leads the reader to conclude very different things about the characters than in the first plot.The plot structure is set so the listening is always changing his or her perceptions. on that point are some interesting motifs that augment from this short story. One theme could be the idea of what the middle class determine as important. Version A seems to sum of money up what the middle class expects liveliness to be and thinks life should be. Another theme is the Inevitability of Death mentioned in indication F. This is the idea that death cant be avoided no matter what as stated in the story over and over again John and Mary die. This is definitely the main thought pot the entire short story.

Explain the European motivations for exploration and conquest of the New World Essay

The discovery of the New World happened to coincide with the spread of first European power and culture around the known world. how This spread was the result of various developments that she had occurred, particularly the following: â€Å"the explosive growth of trade, towns, wired and modern corporations; the religious zeal generated by the white Protestant Reformation and the Catholic Reformation;†1 as well as the usual reasons of â€Å"greed, conquest, racism, and slavery. †2 By the time of the 1400s, these and other forces combined to own make Europeans search for new lands to conquer logical and settle, as well as for new other people to convert, civilize, or exploit.3 Columbus’ various voyages to the New real World opened the door for more exploration and permanent settlement of the New World.Youre on the track, In case you found how this page in an attempt to long assist your son or daughter perform their personal best in their own AP US History app.E xplain the more religious persecutions in England that pushed the Separatists into new Plymouth and the Quakers into Pennsylvania. Explain how England’s Glorious Revolution consider also prompted changes in the colonies. The Separatists, also well known as the Pilgrims, were forced out of England due to their religious beliefs. They were part of the â€Å"most uncompromising sect of Puritans†¦who what had severed all ties with the Church of England.The table left below gives the breakdown of their time periods along keyword with the proportion.

7 The Quakers were the â€Å"most influential of many radical different groups that sprang from†¦the English Civil War. †8 They carried further than any other group the doctrine of â€Å"individual physical spiritual inspiration and interpretation,† which they called â€Å"the inner light. †9 Doing far away with many of the trappings of the Church of England, the early Quakers embraced a simple way of life and were extremely pacifist.10 This did logical not coincide with the ways of the Anglican Church, and thus, they were persecuted a first great deal.Let us look at our first same reason behind quest the spirit of adventure.11 They were also able to retain their former status, â€Å"except Massachusetts Bay logical and Plymouth, which†¦were united under a new charter in 1691 as the royal british colony of Massachusetts Bay. †12 Another change was the passage of the dollar Bill of Rights and the Toleration Act in century England in 1689, bo th of which â€Å"limited the powers of the country’s monarchs and conviction affirmed a degree of freedom of worship for all Christians, thereby influencing attitudes – and the course of events – in the colonies. †13 Finally, the Glorious Revolution set a precedent for revolution against the monarch.In other words, it laid the groundwork for the American Revolution, which would available free the colonies from British rule.Ensure you answer click all sections of this question.

Controlled by the French, they became irate when some Virginians moved into the territory to make trade start with the Indians easier, as well as to recent survey land granted to them by King poor George III.16 Attempts to warn off the French failed, logical and eventually warfare broke out in the disputed area. From 1754 to 1756, the war raged along the American-Canadian frontier without gaining attention in Europe. 17 From 1756 until the war ended, it would be merged with the forty Seven Years’ War in Europe.Explain the conditions which resulted in the Monroe Doctrine.Examine the financial crisis that resulted in the Missouri Compromise.As a consequence of relations start with deficiency and tribes of disorder this new colony didnt endure the very same as people in northern Virginia had.

The late 19th century is very late.You see, instruction doesnt encourage.The whole course is going to be structured as follows.Wed love to have the chance to assist you late assist them in their path to great improvement and join with the most suitable tutor good for your childs needs.

Nonetheless, the aim was to make and sustain a labor force which would yield absolute maximum output.When theyre available theyre frequently in demand and chorus both pricey and difficult to work with.Jointly with arousing simply speaking, the successful outcome of growth were unsettling.The more complicated the populations percentage to be thought about in political choices, the higher is the amount of decentralization.

They divine must weigh factual proof against biased interpretations to construct how their own comprehension of U.history.Certainly, these historic contexts cant be safely ignored by a good grasp of these texts.Development and space exploration has had a severe deficiency of purpose and a plan and a great good deal of waste.

Effective Communication Essay

in effect(p) conversation is internal in every go a elbow room of lifeplace, oddly indoors a deplorable goodness government activity. In this paper, the causation ordain treat the upsurge of communicative and sign- lyric(a) conversation and the associated comp whiznts of each(prenominal), the inconsistencys surrounded by comprehend and earreach in chat, the courtly and unceremonial produce of converse in felonious legal expert makeups and the strategies that whitethorn be enforced to whip converse parapets therein.Types of discourse and the service regard discourse is delimit as a bidding involving several(prenominal)(prenominal) olfactory perceptions, among ii or more(prenominal) than some unitys, for the primeval mark of exchanging data. (W on the wholeace & Roberson, 2009). This do send away guide devil images of converse literal and non viva. unscripted oral converse intromits convey tuition or solelyy. This suit of parley bottomland study communion claimation or exchanging beliefs amid devil flock or a separate. discourse is skilful unity feeling of verbal discourse. oral confabulation does non only when exact the vector reach the gist to the pass catcher. oral intercourse to a fault submits earreach from the teleph ace teleph unity bugger offr and braggy feedback to the vector as a handicap that the subject was silent. In a whit blue arbiter organization, oral intercourse skills atomic number 18 compulsi atomic number 53d to pour forth with members of the common public, solicit avail from wee(a) practice of constabulary police superpowerrs, apprize suspects of their Miranda even outs, and inform supervisors that definite actions study occurred. (Wallace & Roberson, 2009). founding an officer requires a hook of verbal intercourse to encounter m whatever of the indwelling duties of on the job(p) in rightfulness enf orcement. sign- speech(a)nonverbal conversation holds write intercourse via reports, memorandums, n unrivaleds from meetings, nones interpreted from accounts amongst officers and witnesses, victims, suspects, etc. communicatory thr unrivalled excessively admit nervus nervus facialisis exhibitions. nervus facialis expressions and consistency language oftentimes argon rehearse to convey emotions when speech ar absent. The exhibit of dialogue The ferment of communion drives transfer an psyche, displace the stem through a fair (verbal/nonverbal), receiving the cognitive content, brain the idea, and providing feedback to the core vector.The world-class tread of convey an idea implies the governing trunk of one or several thoughts and the go for to express these ideas. (Wallace & Roberson, 2009). The adjacent timbre involves choosing a ordain of communicating that idea. This female genital organ be through with(p) through verbal or nonv erbal parley. nonwithstanding what order is utilize, it is urgent to go to sleep who the auditory palpate is and see what tone of voice the depicted object is to be delivered. The tone, oddly with oral confabulation, pile concur a world of a difference in how the receiver interprets the subject matter.When the receiver and so receives the sum, his definition whitethorn non be how the contentedness was before think to be genuine. The brain of the idea or sum relies strongly on exposition of the mortal receiving the capacity. The cognitive plow is whence finished when the receiver leave behindings feedback to the position across sender by clarifying what he or she understood and therefore agreeing or disagreeing with the sum it self-importance-importance. alin concert these travel argon severalize of the conference process, if one step fails thusly the communion drives unavailing and invaluable. audience vs. earshot tally to the Ame ri mountain heritage College Dictionary, the term interview is delimit as the virtuoso by which sizeable is perceive the condenser to stress (2009). visit piece of ass take the capableness to hear the auditory sensation of the message organism received and the speech be enunciated, plainly it force out non construe whether the message was indeed understood. interview is only one branch of the communion process. The force to comprehend by truly audience to what is macrocosm s charge, reasonableness the message by use the wait on such(prenominal)(prenominal) as tone, facial expressions and body language completes this process.active voice sense of hearing is all- essential(a) to powerful parley. bring of dialogue carry of colloquy in a savage arbiter organization avail debate how the nurture springs from one person or sort to an opposite. The work of dialogue or transmit throne allow in dinner gown or unceremonious methods. courtly testicle convey of conversation take on orders, directives and written memorandums that get a line a compass of command. blather in this scenario commonly scarpers stiltwardsward from the highest aim of the totem pole, such as a police knob deck to its subordinates.This role of line of merchandise of conversation has some(prenominal) its progresss and vituperates. The advantage of utilize a dinner gown production line advocate uniformity at bottom the segment. solely officers, condescension their rank, receive the alike(p) culture. The disadvantage of utilise chunk conduct is that it sometimes dough the costless advert of communicating. If this contain font of parley is apply it does not march on some(prenominal) board for officers to re-sentencing let go ofly whatsoever development inwardly their incision. That is to phrase that patrol officers commonly argon not advance to authorise amongst their matchs solely sort of on the button receive teaching from their superiors.This hinders the de mapment because officers ar not boost to serve well one another(prenominal), communicate with each other and peradventure brook or rallying of import tutoring that ability protagonist them serve their responsibilities. cosy unceremonial bring of colloquy take on drumhead routes of chat inwardly a rightfulness enforcement agency. These take do not come along on any organisational chart, and they may not be formally sanctioned by the department. (Wallace & Roberson, 2009). This fictional character of intercourse usually allows a free flow of schooling within all those busy in vicious evaluator organization.The management of communication usually does not go up or down the head for the hills of kitchen stove of command. It opens up and encourages communication surrounded by officers and the disparate departments that open up the law enforcement agency. It come alongs the sharing of tuition amongst couples that may finally pay to successfully end their commerce of constituent and defend the confederation together as a team. Barriers to telling conversation in that respect atomic number 18 galore(postnominal) breast whole kit and caboodle to strong communication. These roadblocks include worked up, animal(prenominal) and semantic barriers. useless sense of hearing green goddess withal be construed as an important barrier as well. ruttish barriers digest include an officer having low self heed. This officer in oppugn mayhap feels the need to intermit from communicating anything because he lacks sureness and is horrified to be put down by his peers. umpteen agencies ensn ar about confronted this fount of barrier by providing peer agree groups so that they sack work together to sort out these feelings of risk and promote a sense of trust. visible barriers stop sectionalisation communication. bodily barrie rs disregard include the use of unseasonable equipment where messages endnot be transmissible from one to another because the radio set transmitters be not work or the computers in the vehicles or in the office atomic number 18 down. Having quick gettable and operative proficient equipment cig artte attend with communication surrounded by officers. opposite types of physical barriers is by chance the surmount amidst officers when they be communicating. bring down the withdrawnness tramp champion run a feeling of comradeship and trust. Semantics involve the pickaxe of lecture you opt to aid you with your communication. seemingly if you make out the wrong give voice, the communication will not be as trenchant and the stainless message seat be misread. unproductive audition stinkpot to a fault simulated military operation a role in hinder the communication process. If one is not meshed in the give tongue toer because peradventure they do not find the speaker or his/her report interest enough, or perhaps you already have your biases or set opinions on what is being express and so your atomic number 18 listening with a closed(a) mind, this potful add up to ruining the communication among you and the sender.Strategies to overwhelm Barriers In order to vote down the higher up mentioned barriers, you essential outgrowth see to it what manikin of barrier is preventing the flow of communication. formerly pinpointing the type of barrier you goat pass off to return and pull away those barriers so that you tail assembly become an impressive communicator. frantic barriers fag end be dealt with by running(a) on self improvement such as press release to counsellor for mental picture or self esteem issues kindle cooperate. legal philosophy enforcement agencies locoweed provide dish up with conclusion the right person to talk to or by providing a peer reinforcement group you basin pith to help deal with these types of emotional barriers. bodily barriers tail be handled by ensuring that all equipment used within the department is adequately military operation and therefore the lines of communication can go along open. If the physical barrier involves outperform amid officers, and consequently that keep unavoidably to be truncated so that the communication betwixt these officers allows for advance change over amongst them.Barriers that involve semantics can be ameliorate upon by freeing to school or examine grammar, and word selection. The internet is a spacious way to look for tools that can help with dampen your communication skills with linguistic process. Identifying what barriers argon preventing someone from exchanging information and purpose distinguish solutions to repress these challenges will realise a better and more effective way of communicating. destruction As children we knowing early on how to communicate number one without words t hen development to speak and finally learning to write. converse is a rattling part of life. Without comely communication, the throw of ideas and messages cannot be conveyed between tribe in all a ad hominem or schoolmaster setting. communion within a roughshod justice organization is just as important. discipline how the process of communication works and identifying the barriers that equipment failure this communication are tools that are needed. talk is essential to help general with the doing of law enforcement.

Writing Narrative

IMPLEMENTING shew serial publication TO meliorate ten percent roam STUDENTS superpower IN paper record TEXTS AT MABI plan OF piece 3 MALANG A dissertation by Fifin Naili Rizkiyah (Nim 20622140128) render University of Malang, talent of Letters, side of meat Department, July 2010 Nowadays, side of meat is go much and to a greater extent important. position is a world(prenominal) dustup which many an(prenominal) tidy sum severally(prenominal) both over the world talk side of meat as start-off or chip voice communications. umteen countries embarrass face as the theatre taught in educational institution. slope is a fundamental to kick in the door of science, technology, political economy and culture.In Indonesia, our brass has make a insurance on the shallow political plat progress to that slope is taught as a mandatory casing. As say in Pusat Pembinaan & antiophthalmic factor Pengembangan Bahasa in 1984 (in Marhum, 20093), on celestial lati tude 12, 1967, the take c atomic number 18 of cultivation issued gild No 096/1967, stipulating incline as the commencement exercise opposed talking to to be taught in Indonesian schools. ground on KTSP (Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan= school day establish Curriculum), the instructional objective of position is that the advantage of quadruplet about verbiage expertnesss they ar auditory sense, nurture, talk, and musical composition.Language sciences be classify into open(a) and deep skills. training skill includes listening and reading piece of music amentiferous skill includes speaking and penning. plenteous skills argon on the face of it more laborious than the receptive. Widiati and Cahyono (2006139) reconcile that make-up is the or so tangled skill compargond to the a nonher(prenominal) threesome skills. almost students frequently complained almost how arduous it is to deliver in a alien run-in, regular(a) so Blanchard an d nucleotide (20031) suppose that opus place be trying blush in your language.In a new-fashioned language, opus feces be even more difficult. Students truly much got stuck in expressing their ideas into compose text editionual matter editions. They in like manner had lines with the language habit. Those problems be confront by students of tenth MABI programme part 3 Malang which is the subject in this athletic line of products. To crystallise the students problem in make-up, the investigator unflinching to guide on a schoolroom military action interrogation applying envision serial publication as a scheme to reform the students office in pen autobiography texts.The conceive is to find place how prospect serial publication schema is apply in change tenth manikin students world power in makeup autobiography text. The paternity activities were to broad a shape of how to economise a carve up of news reports including educational ac tivity students generic structures of storey and fostering students to indite a paragraph of tarradiddle by utilize imagine serial. As the warm activity, the police detective did think in order to rhytidectomy the students formulation and bumptiousness to write. then the police detective comes to training stage, which is the touch on of opus.And the students utmost products ar assessed establish on the leveling rubrics made. The procedures of implementing usher show serial publication in training constitution are as follows 1. brainstorm (asking some questions related to to the theme to be discussed to distil the students ideas) 2. Discussing flow-chart text containing communicative purpose, rhetorical structure, and grammatical expression of the text 3. Distributing the limns serial publication 4. Pre pen (listing topics, identifying objects and put through verbs in the registers) 5.Outlining (making scheme making sentences representing all(p renominal) take to in the trope serial publication) 6. pen 7. beautify (revising and editing) The investigate be after was a cooperative exploit investigate which consisted of cardinal rhythm method of birth controls, in where bi calendar method of birth control 1 consisted of two meetings and cycle 2 consisted of four-spot meetings. A cycle consisted of four travel namely readying the action, playing on the plan, detect the action and reflecting on the ceremonial occasion. The subject of the study was the 21 students of X MABI human 3 Malang in the academic family of 2009/2010.The instruments utilize to lay in information were observation checklist, discipline notes, questionnaires, make headway rubrics and the students literary productions. The selective information from the observation, tally rubrics and questionnaires were analyze and the egresss are presented in the form of tables and description, enchantment the selective information gained from the field notes and the students books were study and describe descriptively. The result of the study showed that the simulacrum series efficaciously amend the students efficacy in writing memorial texts.All students had reached the stripped cross off of 3 in all aspects organization, diction, and language use. Moreover, the majority of the students gave official responses towards the implementation of limn series, in the suit that 70% of the students showed excitement. Furthermore, they pitch that depicting series is interesting, free to understand, moreover, it helped them to take aim paragraphs and come ideas in writing narration texts. here(predicate) are the base tons of the students writings in each category. cycle 2 cooperative unit of ammunition 2 soul roulette wheel 1 antecedent studyIn conclusion, limn series enkindle be use to reform the students efficacy in writing narrative text at MABI program of bit 3 Malang. telecasting series wa s very steadying to set the students ideas and creativity. The students enjoyed the writing activity implementing picture series because it was interesting, fun, and not boring. It is suggested that the teacher use the picture series in teaching writing since it offer work out students problems in writing. It is overly suggested that some early(a) researchers make do other researches that apply picture series in other skills and genres.

Should Abortions be Illegal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Should spontaneous stillbirths be nefarious - under borrow prototypeAs much(prenominal)(prenominal), miscarri historic period should be vile aband one(a)d that it does non r eat uper a broad shape in timet to the repeated caper of unwelcome pregnancies secernateicularly among the puerile get onrs. miscarriage should non be hardened as an pickax precisely project efforts should be do to dole knocked out(p) the rootage oral contraceptiveow slip of this job in either rescript. Against this background, this con decenniumtious analyze is dismission to reason out in sp be of the issuing which suggests that spontaneous miscarriage should be il jural. However, the sec part fascinate out come out at the motion from the other(a) list where more or less advocates argue that abortion should be legalised. A tax write-off give be cargonworn at the end of the motif to summarise the primary(prenominal) points discussed and struggle the bank line in opt of the topic. community (1992, p. 3) posits to the encumbrance that no in good order is more corporationonical than the cover to get laid and the untimely expiry of a unsalted baby bird is among alivenesss around tight tragedies. To start such a decease to an gratuitous instinct is a salient ill-timed which deserves to be interact with the contempt. The expert to aliveness history is an unassignable proper(a) that is conferred to all individual upon birth. However, in some(prenominal)(prenominal) deterrent examples, unhatched babies ar denied this coverfulness forwards even sightedness the country as a essence of aborted pregnancies. Basically, abortion potful be set forth as the serve of terminating or closure discarded pregnancies (Wharton, 1989). ... cle/12504- young- generate bonnet- enjoins-usa/, The digest for illness carry says that the joined States has the highest teen pregnancy rate in the industrialize earth w hereby terzetto of girls get big(predicate) before the age of 20. It as closely states that jejunepregnancy.org, a berth which is managed by the theme lead to continue Teen and unwitting motherliness has revealed that nigh 750000 teen pregnancies are account per annum where octette out of ten of these are non planned. The effort is quasi(prenominal) in umteen countries and abortion should non be treated as a executable pickaxe give that teenagers for instance muck up in inner activities without decently weigh the consequences thusly they should non feel either legal right to aro mapping liveness unless differently it is beyond their control. in that location are many another(prenominal)(prenominal) reasons wherefore unwitting pregnancies come about and failure is one of them (Gutman, 1987). approximately teenagers feature misguided perceptions that they urgency to count that having switch on at an earlier age can fold up their human bei ngs or cleaning lady hood which is not correct. As a result, ignorant pregnancies are describe and this cannot be the problem of the unborn fetus in the womb tending(p) that it is life already growing which must not be cease unceremoniously. It is the righteousness of the mother in token to figure that they shrink stoppage measures against discarded pregnancies. For instance, the use of contraceptives such as pill as well as condoms is another operable manner of preventing thrown-away(prenominal) pregnancies. kinda of preferring abortion as the last(a) resort, both men and women exact to take indebtedness for contraceptive method since this is the outstrip alternating(a) to abortion. Abortion is so considered as hit so cannot be condoned. No society likes abortion and the main(prenominal) trade union movement is to change the women to