How far do you agree with the opinion that courtship and...

How far do you agree with the opinion that courtship and marriage are undermined and ridiculed in â€Å"The Taming of the Shrew†? Shakespeare’s drama â€Å"The Taming of the Shrew† is set in the Elizabethan era, and marriage and courtship was very different than how it is in the present. Back then it was the parents who picked suitors for their daughters. This choice would be final for the daughters but often women rebelled against the decision as they wanted to choose their own suitors. â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† is an example of this. In our â€Å"Taming of the Shrew† this is no different as Baptista Minola chooses the suitors in which marry his daughters. We first see this undermining of courtship and marriage when Petruchio speaks of his view on†¦show more content†¦Petruchio takes away the whole aspect of â€Å"falling in love† from Katherina as he forces her to marry him and her father happily abides, â€Å"will you, nill you, I will marry you†. This again makes a charade of marriage. I agree when Coppà ©lia Kahn says â€Å"The overt force Petruchio wields over Kate by marrying her against her will in the first place, and then by denying her every wish and comfort, stamping, shouting, reducing her to exhaustion, etc., is but a farcical representation of the psychological realities of marriage†¦Ã¢â‚¬  as the audience would definitely find it funny and is a perfect example of Shakespeare’s attempts to ridicule the sanctity of marriage. As Robert Heilman demonstrates, the taming is best viewed as farce which â€Å"carries out our desire to simplify life by a selective anesthetizing of the whole person; man retains all his energy yet never really gets hurt† and this is shown as the drama is a comedy of mocking the institution of marriage. Another negative outlook against marriage and courtship is when we find of Hortensio’s plans to disguise himself as a â€Å"schoolmaster well seen in music to instruct Bianca†. Lucentio also disguises himself by swapping clothes and identities with Tranio so that he may â€Å"woo† Bianca secretly. This shows courtship to be a mockery as when you court someone, you are opening up and showing the person who you are and that you’ve nothing to hide. Hortensio is doing the complete opposite as

Medical Marijuana Essay - 1059 Words

Medical Marijuana One of the most controversial issues in the United States is over medical marijuana. Many experiments test the validity of the drug as a medicine, and results of these experiments receive much praise but also some critique. The DEA and the National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws (NORML) are battling over the issue. The underlying matter that cannot be ignored is that marijuana proves to be a useful medication for many patients, especially those with wasting diseases such as AIDS and cancer. In 1996 California passed Proposition 215, which allowed the use of medical marijuana (4444). Since then, six other states have made medical marijuana legal; Alaska, Arizona, Hawaii, Maine, Oregon, and†¦show more content†¦Now, as long as you are willing to show that it is high-quality research and also provide your own funding, you can have access to medical marijuana (66666). The decision of the Clinton Administration came two months after a government-sponsored study concluded that the active ingredients in marijuana, called cannabinoids, appeared useful for treating pain, nausea, and severe weight loss in AIDS patients (666666). No evidence of marijuana being a gateway drug was found. The study also came up with some surprising results. It found that treating glaucoma through marijuana was not as useful as we thought. The drug does reduce eye pressure, but the effects are short-lived. The same study found that marijuana was effective in relieving muscle spasms due to multiple sclerosis (888888). At the 13th International AIDS Conference on July 13, 2000, Dr. Donald Abrams of the University of California released the results of the $1 million study of marijuana on AIDS patients. Abrams concern was to determine whether the chemical components of marijuana in any way interfered with the bodys ability to break down components of protease inhibitors. Protease inhibitors are relatively new antiviral drugs that help HIV patients retain a healt hyShow MoreRelatedThe Legalization Of Medical Marijuana1558 Words   |  7 Pages Alaskan Thunderbolt Whether pro, con, user or bystander. The issue of the nationwide legalization of medical marijuana is one that infringes both in political and social standards. Be it that marijuana is subsequently abused, and utilized as an illegal drug. It is regarded highly, as a controversial issue which affects the amenity of conservative, modern America. Because of which one should further seek to understand. Things like its history, correlation with crime, effects on economy, effectsRead MoreMedical Marijuana1767 Words   |  8 Pages Marijuana is a very prominent and controversial issue in society today. Although many slanderous claims have been made about cannabis in recent history, the truths are slowly starting to resurface. Unfortunately, these truths are under heavy criticism due to the stereotypical view of what people view as the typical â€Å"pot smoker.† This skewed perception of a lazy and unmotivated American is the result of over seventy years of propaganda and misinformation spread by private interests who relied onRead MoreMedical Benefits Of Medical Marijuana1161 Words   |  5 Pagessurrounding the issue of whether medical marijuana ought to be legally sanctioned as a medicinal treatment. Medical marijuana involves the use of cannabis and its constituent’s cannabinoids in order to treat a disease or its symptoms (National Institute on Drug Abuse 2015). Numerous studies led declare the drug a miracle treatment for a variety of medical issues. These studies, however, are limited and effectively challenged by different studies that exhibit the health risks marijuana can have on the humanRead MoreMedical Marijuana And Medical Therapy2626 Words   |  11 PagesMedical marijuana refers to the use of cannabis as medical therapy in the palliative sense to treat diseases or alleviate symptoms. This treatment modality has proven to be a highly debatable issue within the medical field due to the use of this substance as an illicit drug. â€Å"The National Youth Risk Behavior Survey monitors priority health risk behaviors that contribute to the leading causes of death, disability, and social problems among youth and adults in the United States† (Center for DiseaseRead MoreThe Ban Of Medical Marijuana1090 Words   |  5 Pagesepilepsy and used medical marijuana to save her life. Her parents had tried almost every medication to try and save her by the time she was two-years-old. Some nights she would get fifty seizures each night. Finally, her parents were abl e to get her a medical marijuana card in Colorado, and the new medication immediately stopped the seizures (Gummow, 8 Miraculous, para. 4, alternet.org). This is just one example of how unjust the ban of medicinal marijuana is. The ban of medical marijuana is unjust becauseRead MoreMedical Marijuana Essay969 Words   |  4 Pages[Medicinal Marijuana] [Heather Bryant] Communication and compostition (COM156) University of Phoenix, Axia College [October 20, 2012] Medicinal Marijuana use in the United States Although many individuals find medical marijuana illegal, and unnecessary, it is a natural herb used to help symptoms caused by chronic illnesses. Over three million Americans use medical marijuana. Medical marijuana is the most widely used drug used to treat chronic illnesses in seventeenRead MoreMedical Marijuana Essay1174 Words   |  5 PagesMedical Marijuana Marijuana (cannabis) is a mixture of leaves, stems, and flowering tops of the Indian hemp plant Cannabis sativa. [4] Marijuana is thought by many to be harmful, but it has been proven in fact to be helpful for some people with certain illnesses. [4] When I first started looking into medical marijuana as my research subject, I was curious to see what people my age actually thought about marijuana. I asked twenty of my peers, ranging in age from seventeen to twenty-twoRead MoreMarijuana as Medical Treatment917 Words   |  4 Pages Marijuana as medical treatment Should marijuana become legal in our country as a prescription and clinical drug for medicinal treatment? Imagine somebody that you love lying in bed at a hospital and having just undergone chemotherapy for their cancer treatment; Side effects of chemotherapy like constantly vomiting, fatigue and pain are difficult to tolerate every day. Doctor can prescribe medication, but any of it has absolutely no effectRead MoreThe Legalization Of Medical Marijuana1314 Words   |  6 PagesMarijuana is the most frequently abused illegal substance worldwide. Not only is there no legitimate medical use, it has been tied to physical, mental, and emotional damages. â€Å"Marijuana refers to the dried leaves, flowers, stems, and seeds from the hemp plant Cannabis sativa, which contains the psychoactive (mind-altering) chemical delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), as well as other related compounds† (National Institute on Drug Abuse). There are many supporters of the legalization of medical marijuanaRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Allowed For Medical Marijuana?1483 Words   |  6 Pageswork. Finally, you decide to resort to the medical marijuana and notice the results are astounding. Your child’s behavior changes from quiet and unmotivated to talkative and energetic! Dravet Syndrome is just one of many conditions that medicinal cannabis has proven to help. Many medical conditions qualify for medical marijuana use making it a more reliable and affordable alternative from over-the-counter drugs. However, since the early 1900’s marijuana has been p ushed to the side when it comes to

The Health and Wellness

Question: Discuss about the Health and Wellness ? Answer : Introducation: Health and wellness is state of well being that is more than absence of disease. Being health and well is an attainable state that requires more than having or accessing medical treatment in a persons life. According to Claire in 2011, health is defined as combination of physical and mental well being which is more than absence of a disease. The physical well being involves the good functionality of body organs. Mental health refers to psychological, emotional and the social wellness. Mental health affects individuals feeling, actions and thinking. The wellness of an individual is defined as state of attaining positive emotions about life. Wellness incorporates all factors in individuals or group that promote positive feelings in life (Martin Giuseppe, 2016). A medical treatment refers to accessibility and ability to get health attention. Absence of diseases refers to a condition of normal or no disorder is present to a body part or organ. Health is a condition that is as a result of both physical and mental wellness. Physical health is attained by having balanced diets, absence of disease, optimal body weight, exercises and normal functioning of organs. Taking balanced diet gives the body nutrients that are important for it normal functions. Having enough nutrients for the body provides energy, defense and maintenance of tissues enabling healthy body. Regular exercises help the body control its metabolisms thereby leading an active life. This reduces body organs likelihood to disorders. Managing ones weight also allows an individual to lead a normal healthy life. Therefore, physical health is a result of factors that contribute to an active body and normal functioning. Mental health is achieved by psychological wellness and good emotions. This includes management of stress, depression and attitude. Mental health depends on physical health. For instance, physical illness causes stress and depressing leading to mental s uffering (McMillen, 2011). A prolonged physical illness leads to individuals becoming hopeless in life. A healthy life leads to long life and productivity of an individual. The body is also able to be fruitful in it lifespan (Claire, 2011). Wellness is a broad concept that incorporates all aspects in life that contribute to positive emotion. It includes social, economical and environmental factors that enhance good life (Nyman Nilsn, 2016). It also includes holistic health of an individual. Wellness is determined by perceived self health, productivity, social connectivity and factors in physical environment. The individual economical factors determine the quality of life that a person lives. Economical factors include employment, level of income, inflation and availability of goods in the market. Economical factors enable people live a comfortable or desired life. Perceived health and healthy behaviors enable the physical and mental parts of the body function normally and think properly. Environmental factors are conditions in the environment that promote good life and increase future expectation of better things. Wellness leads to positive emotions in a person life. They enhance contentment, satisfaction with life and general happiness (Claire, 2011). From this discussion outlined, other factors contribute to health and wellness apart from absence of diseases. It shows that health and wellness requires more than having a medical treatment. Therefore, health and wellness is a holistic condition that involves physical, mental, economics, environmental and social well being to attain. References Claire, J. (2011). Health and Wellness. Journal Of Manipulative And Physiological Therapeutics [Peer Reviewed Journal]. Martin, L. Giuseppe N., G. (2016). Examining the association between psychological wellbeing with daily and intra-individual variation in subjective wellbeing. Personality And Individual Differences, 82. McMillen, J. (2011). Health, Wellness, and Society. The International Journal Of Health, Wellness, And Society, 1(1), 59-68 Nyman, C. Nilsn, . (2016). Perspectives on health and well-being in social sciences. International Journal Of Qualitative Studies On Health And Well-Being, 11(1), 31468.

Principles of Management for Social Media- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about thePrinciples of Management for Influenced by Social Media. Answer: Introduction The paper talks about the influence that has been brought by social media in the organizations. There is a description about the fundamental theories used by the management in order to operate and conduct business. Furthermore, it explains that how social networking affects management positively and negatively as well. The paper also describes that how an organization improves the performance and productivity. Social media is a platform given to these organizations which allows them to expand and explore their business. On the other hand, the paper explains that how the influence of social media has helped or impacted the management. Aspects of management influenced by social media The social media refers to a application and website that enables users to create and share content and to contribute in social networking. In todays fast growing world, the social media plays a very important role in the lives of people (Couldry, 2012). The world gets to know about the happenings through social media platforms. This has given managements a chance to prove them through networking. Social media allows companies to interact more and more with other countries in different parts of the world. The proper communication takes place through these media platforms which enables the company to expand their knowledge about the business. In todays world, management is influenced by social media to a great extent. The Social media has changed the way of looking at the things. It has made communication easy in all parts of the world. One company can directly communicate with the other company on any business related issue thus; social media has given these companies a chance to ful fill their requirements by collaborating from all over the world. Many organization use social media as a strategy to develop its trade in business and earn profits. It will also help to introduce new products and services in the marketplace (Heller Baird and Parasnis, 2011). There are many fundamental theories used by these managements in order to operate business which have been discussed below. System theory There are different systems that affect the workers and it depends how a worker affect those systems. System theory allows the workers to understand the patterns and functions used by the organization while working for a desired goal (Hatch, 2018). This allows the workers to work collectively at the workplace rather than working alone on any particular task (Hofmann-Wellenhof, Lichtenegger Collins, 2012). Chaos theory Chaos theory is basically the complexities and issues that increase in the organization as when the organization changes its functions and operations. Change is inevitable and it cannot be controlled. Chaos theory recognizes these changes and controls them as per the needs and requirements (Burke, 2017). Also the organizational and management practices are examined while the functioning of these theories in order to make the company efficient and effective. As a result, the performance of the company is increased and it is benefited to a large extent. Organizational practices include teamwork, commitment, responsibility, standard, recognition, etc. which makes the company fully efficient to work in harmony and carry out good results (Burke, 2017). Positive effects of social networking on management Management has been advantaged by these social media platforms in various forms. These platforms have given them a chance to reach more and more people not only across the country but across the world. Through social media, they promote the companys business activities worldwide (Smith and Zook, 2011). They advertise their company by creating blogs on internet and by providing easy access to companys information to the people. These networks allow them to maintain websites in order to make people aware about the company. Social media has turned out to be a very important strategy for companies (Laroche, Habibi and Richard, 2013). It gives a chance to establish business not only to large scale but also small scale industries. Through social networking the small scale business owners promote their business which gives them satisfactory results and outcomes. As it provides abundant opportunities for the business hence it becomes a reason of confusion as what strategy to choose that can have good outputs and results. Through social media, people learn how to do their small businesses within expanding and exploring social networking space. It also helps to develop and enhance the skills of marketing (Lin and Lu, 2011). Negative effects of social networking on management The use of social media also turns out to be a hurdle in the life of business. The promotion of ideas through these social networks give the idea of promotion to other companies as it becomes a challenge to the companies in the world. Social networking also makes organization suffer from the ill thoughts of what people think about them. This becomes a concern for the company to deal with the questions raised by its customers. The social media has been one of the many great technologies that have lessened the sufferings of not only large scale but also small scale companies who want to work on large scale. Now companies use various social media platforms as the part of their strategies. Small firms who do not possess good knowledge about technologies find it difficult to carry out their business. In order to achieve greater aspects in this sector they have to hire professionals who demand a lot of money which becomes difficult for them to manage. Social media has become a challenging figure for companies all over the world. Today the impact creates the competition among many organizations. The problem and issue that rises due to networking areas has made the companies a challenging task to earn large amount of profits so that they can spend money for the promotion over this platform. This becomes an issue as every time they have to think about the new idea. The ompany has to take care about the kind of information it publish over the nation. The information must be such that it can generate interest among the people in the world. Therefore, to attain name and goodwill in the market, it is necessary to use this platform of social media wisely and innovatively (Fuchs et al, 2013). Conclusion On the above mentioned study, it has been concluded that social media has influenced the each and every organization widely. The social media has changed the life of organizations as well as people. It has made it a bit easy for the companies to grow in this digital world. The company has to face challenges and issues while using this platform. The impact of social media although has positive as well as negative effects which could influence the image and position of the firm. The fundamental theories mentioned in the paper gives an idea about how an organization should perform its functions and operations. References Burke, W.W., 2017. Organization change (5th ed., pp.20-23). Theory and practice. Sage Publications. Couldry, N., 2012. Media, society, world: Social theory and digital media practice. Polity. Fuchs, C., Boersma, K., Albrechtslund, A. and Sandoval, M. eds., 2013. Internet and surveillance: The challenges of Web 2.0 and social media (Vol. 16). Routledge. Hatch, M.J., 2018. Organization theory: Modern, symbolic, and postmodern perspectives. Oxford university press. Heller Baird, C. and Parasnis, G., 2011. From social media to social customer relationship management. Strategy leadership, 39(5), (pp.30-37). Hofmann-Wellenhof, B., Lichtenegger, H., Collins, J. (2012). Global positioning system: theory and practice. Springer Science Business Media. Laroche, M., Habibi, M.R. and Richard, M.O., 2013. To be or not to be in social media: How brand loyalty is affected by social media?. International Journal of Information Management, 33(1), pp.76-82. Lin, K.Y. and Lu, H.P., 2011. Why people use social networking sites: An empirical study integrating network externalities and motivation theory. Computers in human behavior, 27(3), (pp.1152-1161). Smith, P.R. and Zook, Z., 2011. Marketing communications: integrating offline and online with social media (5th edition). Kogan Page.

American Hero free essay sample

War hero and American hero are just a few terms you can use to describe this prestigious jewel who willingly and courageously led one of the biggest redemption in the United States. We all know the story of Harriet Tubman or to African Americans The Moses of Her People. We all know of the underground railroad, but do we actually know how these paths and secret passages later help the united states. Harriet Tubman led many events and revolts that has shaped and mold the America today. Harriet Tubman was born into slavery around 1820 in Dorchester county, Maryland. (Douglas Jones) Her name was originally Araminta but after marrying her husband John Tubman she changed her first and last name becoming now known as Harriet Tubman. After fear of being sold she decided that it was going to be freedom or death, so she ran away with her brothers following the north star to freedom. We will write a custom essay sample on American Hero or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page After awhile her brothers became afraid and decided to turn around and Harriet reached Philadelphia alone. Here she joined the abolitionist movement. After realizing what she had done Harriet returned for more of her people helping them to freedom. On this nail biting voyage Harriet would drop off the slaves to these people who she came in contact with that were willing to help. These homes where the slaves would be left at were called safe houses. You may wonder how people were brave just like her to follow her and trust that they too would be saved and led to freedom, but it was some who did not believe it could be done and would try to turn around scared that they would be caught. If they were skeptical and asked about returning, it is said that Tubman would use her gun to scare the people and tell them its either freedom or death. Over the course of 10 years, and at great personal risk, Tubman made 19 trips to Maryland and helped 300 people escape to freedom along the Underground Railroad. (Douglas Jones) Her dedication to her people shows why she is the true American hero. It is way more to it then what she did for the U.S her character plays a major role in how she was able to achieve all of these accomplishments she was risky, gave her time (dedication), her selflessness and willingness Is what helped the united states and more importantly the black people in the world today. Her legacy is fading away in history books and history teachers lessons today. But we all known her multiple accomplishments paved the way for many in this day and age. Set aside from the underground railroad, Harriet served as a nurse for soldiers in the civil war for four years, although this is the least of her activities she took place in, it did help progress in the united states. Also, during the civil was she served as a scout, nurse and spy for the U.S. this came in handy for the U.S because she actually used her passages to get supplies to the north for the war while also helping in the war leading the north to victory. Harriet spied for the union and talked ex-slaves into doing the same, sometimes even going into confederate territory to help union soldiers gather information that could win battles. (Allen, pg.12) in 1863, became the first woman in American history to originate and lead a combat unit in an armed assault. (Douglas Jones) the north winning the war did not stop Harriet. She continued to fight for freedom and for womens suffrage. There are many stories that backs up these accusations about Moses. Slaves that traveled with her told her story and lived through her legacy. Harriet did many things to help this country, now women believe they can do such things as Harriet did. She stood up for us men and women, and now our people today are not afraid to speak out on these issues. Her service in the war started the movement for the abolishment of slavery. It is not how much she did it is what she did that allows me to walk around freely around ANY race. McDonough, Yona Zeldis., and Nancy Harrison. Who Was Harriet Tubman? New York: Grosset Dunlap, 2016. Allen, Thomas B., and Carla Bauer. Harriet Tubman, Secret Agent: How Daring Slaves and Free Blacks Spied for the Union during the Civil War. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic, 2009.Sterling, Dorothy. Freedom Train: The Story of Harriet Tubman. New York, NY: Scholastic, 1991.Weatherford, Carole Boston, and Kadir Nelson. Moses: When Harriet Tubman Led Her People to Freedom. Los Angeles: Disney, Jump at the Sun, 2006.

The Death Penalty in America †World Religion Essay

The Death Penalty in America – World Religion Essay Free Online Research Papers The Death Penalty in America World Religion Essay This week’s show involved asking religious persons about their perceptions of the death penalty. It is very interesting that religious language is used on both sides of such a discussion. New constitutional challenges have been fueled by DNA testing and this technology is redefining what absolute evidence has come to mean. The Catholic Church has come to condemn capital punishment as apart of it stance on the value of life throughout its natural course. The Southern Baptist Convention is the only religious body that still actively supports capital punishment. Their official comment on the issue is as follows: All people including those guilty of capital crimes are created in the image of God and should be treated with dignity†. When this comment is looked at more carefully it is clear that it really doesn’t speak to the issue other to say that dying via a death sentence could be seen as a dignified death. Debbie Morris When Debbie Morris was 16 a young man named Robert Willy abducted her and her boyfriend. For two days he raped her and made her witness the brutal murder of her boyfriend. Robert Willy was sentenced to death but this did not put Morris’s heart at rest. She lived with a constant fear that he would escape and come find her. She believes that most people who are victims of a crime and the death penalty is an option seek it more out of fear than anything. As time went on all she really wanted was to make things the way they were before; she sought peace. Her emotions preferred that he be dead however in the back of her mind she also feared that the day after he was killed she would not feel any better. She would have nothing left to hold on to or focus her anger on. In desperation she called out to God. She went through tough times, drinking to kill the pain. The death penalty was the end of the line. If this didn’t make her feel better then she was afraid that nothing would. What is forgiveness like when you don’t ever hear or see the person you are in conflict with? She didn’t ask for forgiveness to make Willy feel better, she did it because she wanted to feel relief. Morris even states that her actions were somewhat selfish. The night she realized she needed to forgive Willy she realizes that it didn’t do him any good. He didn’t get let off any hook because of her forgiveness. However, she felt a sense of relief; however she says it is work. You have to forgive daily and ask for help from God everyday in regards to placing that pain in the past. Trading away the hate and being filled up with something better is what forgiveness means. It doesn’t mean that Morris and Willy will have lunch; she had no desire to see Willy. He is still dangerous and she says that she would not go through the act of forgiving with him directly. Forgiveness is sometimes one sided. God says forgive, not forgive and wait for this person to come to you. There is never complete and total healing; it is a process that must be worked. Rabbi Elie Spitz Rabbi Spitz started his career as a criminal attorney only later to become a Rabbi. He talks about the meaning of â€Å"An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth†. This comment is found twice in the books of Moses. Spitz believes that this statement has been taken out of contest by the America legal system to justify horrible acts of revenge. In the ancient world there were no prisons and no civil systems of justice. It was completely up to the family to resolve issues that we would think require the police or the court system. According to Spitz the Bible does give authority for capital punishment. It is however only performed in very special cases that involve having two eye witnesses to the crime. Perhaps DNA evidence is the modern day equivalent to having two eye witnesses. The eye for an eye line was written to comment on fairness. It is meant to equalize the punishment for crime. So for example if someone steals from you, it is not fair to kill their whole family. In the same light if a one eyed thief takes the eye of a victim it is not fair to take the only remaining eye of the thief. Causing complete blindness would hurt the thief more then the thief taking the one eye of the victim. Rabbi Spitz quotes the line â€Å"justice justice, you shall pursue†. Meaning, the end result must be as just as the means. Justice is pursued because the nature of it shows us that it is never fully captured. What is justice? Sister Helen Prejean Sister Helen Prejean is the author of the best selling book Dead Man Walking. Prejean believes that the individual’s perception of God greatly effects their belief regarding the death penalty. For example, if one believes that God is revengeful and a God we must fear then perhaps the death penalty fits that idea. However, if you believe that God is pure love that forgives all then this will affect your belief of the death penalty. Prejean’s experience and studies of inmates has concluded that death row is generally made up of minority men that come from impoverished homes and have often been victims of violent abuse from an early age. She believes that the ability to hire a good attorney often separates who gets the death penalty from who spends life or less in jail. She references the Jim Crowe days when people would say â€Å"They dont feel like we feel. How many times throughout history do we have to be shown that once you dehumanize someone it is easy to justify whatever. As love and truth grows inside of us then our perception of God gets larger as well. This seems to be an important theme for a good number of the issues we have discussed throughout the semester. At which time God believes the way you do on an issue there is going to be trouble because you are no longer allowing yourself to doubt enough or be in a place that accepts new information. Research Papers on The Death Penalty in America - World Religion EssayCapital PunishmentBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Comparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenThe Fifth HorsemanTrailblazing by Eric AndersonQuebec and Canada

The development of the discipline of nursing has gone through many Essay

The development of the discipline of nursing has gone through many stages of philosophical debates. Justify the relevance and utility of the knowledge of theory development to your practice - Essay Example Theories were meant to confuse and offer no practical value thus the views widely held in the 21st and 20th century about nursing which focused on obtaining the right outcomes and performing the right process respectively (Shaw, 1993). Such thinking is restrictive and holds researchers and in this case nurses from defining, interpreting and understanding data and discoveries related to their discipline. Theories developed by different scholars view and define nursing from different angles. For example grand nursing theories identify the discipline as broad, complex, nonspecific and may not be easily testable. The middle range theories focus on issues like anxiety, death, social support and the quality of life. The nursing science is not only restricted to medicine and practice but from early theorist and emerging trends in the industry nursing involves other spheres of life such as the cultural, social, mental, environmental among other areas. The nursing profession prides itself in quality care for all people. This is a top priority for the nursing profession especially in this day and age where people have diverse needs and other conflicting issues surrounding the nursing profession (Meleis, 2011). Theory provides nurses with a framework for goal assessment, intervention and diagnosis. It focuses on care and used as a tool to render more efficient and effective service which is described theoretically for different situations. The professional autonomy and accountability is also safeguarded in the theory in practice through principles in the theory (Meleis, 2011). In conclusion theory helps in the identification of goals and enhances communication about care to the primary stakeholders. It also helps the nurses to gain control of several subject matters thus refining theory and relationships in the nursing

Is Childhood Discipline Effective Research Paper

Is Childhood Discipline Effective - Research Paper Example The essay would hereby initially trace the historical background of using corporal punishment, particularly smacking, as a tool for childhood discipline. In addition, the discourse would present a general overview of different positions or contentions on the issue of smacking as the most effective technique for childhood discipline. Finally, the concluding portion would highlight the crucial points discussed and present a speculation and recommendation on the most effective tool for childhood discipline in the future. Relevant History and Background The roots of corporal punishment could be traced from the earliest published article in a periodical, the San Francisco Call, dated March 23, 1893 entitled â€Å"Slap or Spank?: School Punishment Query in Alameda† where the School Board of Alameda supposedly sought to determine the manner by which parents would agree and stipulate the kind of chastisement to be used to discipline the children (corpun.com 1). At that time, the conte nts of the article generated different reactions and responses from school administrators, teacher and parents; with the final recommendation that â€Å"the general verdict of all those seen is to the effect that the spanking process is far superior to the regulation strap method, but all concurred in saying that the best way of all in such matters was to leave it entirely with the teachers, who should be kept within bounds regarding the severity of the punishment inflicted by rules laid down by the Board of Education† (corpun.com 1). Suffice it to say that even at the earliest published article on corporal punishment through spanking or smacking, the issue was elicited diverse and conflicting arguments. Some parents averred that they do not want their children to be spanked at all. Other parents support smacking on prescribed areas of the body, but never on the face. And still, surprisingly, one parent remarked that â€Å"’taken across the knee and spanked, by all me ans. That's the old way, and I have found it very efficient.’ And the obedience of the little ones clustered about her was good evidence of the truth of the statement† (corpun.com 1). These diverse reactions have evolved through centuries and until contemporary times, smacking continues to be a controversial issue. In current times, Gershoff and Larzelere disclosed that, â€Å"corporal punishment remains a widely used discipline technique in most American families, but it has also been a subject of controversy within the child development and psychological communities† (par. 1). The controversial nature is clearly depicted from the contradictory arguments advocated by parents, to wit: â€Å"The consultation document issued this month by the Department of Health on the physical punishment of children states clearly that ‘many parents would welcome support in learning effective measures of disciplining their child which do not involve physical punishmentâ₠¬â„¢ while adding that ‘there may still be occasions when parents †¦ may consider it appropriate to discipline a child through physical punishment’† (Waterston 261). In this regard, parents, social workers, health professionals and policymakers all provide different perspectives on the subject of corporal punishme

Homicide Law within England and Wales Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Homicide Law within England and Wales - Essay Example In July 2005, government ordered for a review of homicide law, especially connecting to manslaughter in England and Wales2. It is stated that there are many problems in the existing law like it has confusing structure and shaky foundations. It does not reflect the degree of fault or provide right scope. There are areas that need regularisation by legislation because some of these areas are not conducive with the modern society. Two general offences of murder and manslaughter sometimes have a blurred demarcation. No doubt wilful killing of another person is murder and the rest come under manslaughter. Here again, demarcation is not very clear between gross negligence manslaughter, reckless manslaughter, voluntary manslaughter, involuntary manslaughter and unlawful and dangerous act manslaughter. Current definitions of each of them could be termed as confusing and misleading at times. Current definitions of these offences are mainly based on judicial law connected with precedent individual cases and they are not products of legislation. Most of them are behind time and do not have much legal base other than societal approval. Difference in intention of only harming and not killing, but killing by mistake is a terribly confusing legal field that could be manoeuvred by a clever lawyer in whichever way he likes. In present law culpability is too wide a field and need to be specified properly. Many reckless killers who kill with abandon are getting lightly punished under manslaughter while they deserve more stringent sentences. Law fraternity3 and police watch helplessly when the defendant goes away with hardly any punishment due to loopholes in law. Especially the police, who are aware of the committed crime and have seen the atrocity and effect of it, feel totally deceived and disowned by law. Law of manslaughter needs narrowing down urgently. It cannot be allowed to become bigger and bigger almost with every case. Some of the partial defences like concealed partial defences or self defences are set in unclear fields and need more coherence. Provocation is not clearly stated and the whole area is a confusing mixture of judge made law and rather unconnected legislation. Role of provocation in murder and manslaughter both is extremely difficult to grasp even by

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Differences between Windows Version 1.0.2 and 1.0.3: Windows version Changes between 1.0.2 and 1.0.3: Video outputs: * Fix video quality when resizing the video on Windows Vista and 7, due to regressions in most popular drivers * New deinterlacers modules based on yadif and yadif(x2) algorithms Decoders: * Windows version supports now natively the WMA Professional codec, as it didnt work in the packaged version of 1.0.2 * Fix downmixing of particual 4.0 AC-3 audio tracks Encoders: * x264 has profile-limitter, like: #transcode{vcodec=h264,venc=x264{profile=baseline,level=12}..} Input: * Update for appletrailers lua script * Fixes on the RAR stream filter * Fix for E-AC3 in ATSC/TS streams * Various fixes for v4l and v4l2 * Fix a crash in mjpeg demuxer Service discovery: * New udev module for linux Qt4 interface: * Fixes on the playlist and the stream output panels Translations: * French, Galician, Korean, Polish, Russian, Romanian, Slovak and Ukrainian updates Changes between 1.0.1 and 1.0.2: Decoders: * Native support for WMA Professional, without the use of the Win32 dlls * Fix issues in subtitles, especially SSA ones * Various fixes on theora and ogg Demuxers: * Various fixes for EPG support in MPEG-TS demuxer * Fixes for potential stack overflow in .avi, .mp4 and .asf demuxers Access: * Fixes for v4l2 devices * Fixes for dvb-c channels-scanning Qt Interface: * Fix some playlist sorting issues Mac OS X Interface: * Fixed a crash when updating VLC * Fixed a crash related to QTKit when opening video files (10.6 only) * Added the ability to play 2nd media in sync to the primary item (input-slave) * Added the Quit after Playback feature Mac OS X Port: * The Delete Preferences script is now delivered as a Universal Binary with native code for PowerPC, Intel and Intel 64bit * Full 64bit runtime compatibility on both Mac OS X 10.5 and 10.6 no support for Goom and SDL limited text rendering support This port is still considered as EXPERIMENTAL despite its binary release. Encoders: * MPEG2 transrate stream output removed * x264 default-values closer to x264.exe defaults. * x264 rc-behaviour fixes: if user defines qp-value, CQP-mode is used otherwise if user defines vb=0, CRF-mode is used otherwise ABR-mode is used * x264 set vbv-bufsize/vbv-maxsize better if user hasnt defined these: ABR mode set vbv-max-bitrate=bitrate vbv-bufsize is bitrate * seconds between keyframes (keyint/fps) Playlist: * Lua scripts for Mpora and Vimeo playback Unix builds: * Various fixes to enable 1.0 to build on Solaris and OpenBSD Translations: * New Kazakh and Croatian translations * Lithunanian translation is available on Windows * Galician, Korean, Nepali, Vietnamese, Ukrainian, Brazilian, Arabic and French translation updates Changes between 1.0.0 and 1.0.1: Demuxers: * Fix wmv/asf issues that caused audio to drop * Various fixes for ac3, mp3, dts and stability for wav format * Fix seek in RTSP in conformity to RFC 2326 * Fix Dailymotion access script * Fix crashes in xspf files handler * Fix seeking and timing issues in some flv files on Windows version Access: * Add extra caching for files on network shares * Prevent integer underflow in Real pseudo-RTSP module, discovered by tixxDZ, DZCORE Labs, Algeria Decoders: * Fix seeking in mpeg2 video files * Improve SSA subtitles rendering * Update most codecs for the Windows and Mac version Muxers: * Fix sound recording of .flv files with mp3 audio Qt Interface: * Possibility to change the opacity level of the Fullscreen controller * Fix various crashes and VIDEO_TS folders opening Mac OS X Interface: * Added options to disable support for Apple Remote and Media Keys * Fixed options for Volume, Last.fm password and Subtitle Encoding * Fixed redraw issues when autosizing the video window * Preferences panel now includes help through tool-tips * More reliable Information and Messages panels * Fix various crashes Windows port: * The ZVBI module is now available for Windows, for complete teletext support Translations updates for Brazillian, French, German, Korean, Norwegian Nynorsk, Lithuanian Changes between 0.9.9a and 0.9.10: HTTP Interface: * Fixed default ACL Mac OS X: * Fixed crashes on multi-screen setups * Corrected volume and subtitle encoding options in the Preferences * Improved Information panel behavior, when playlist is not displayed * Fixed QTCapture input support for the latest iSight models * Added a menu-item to unlock the video windows aspect ratio * Fixed redraw issues when autosizing the video window * Updated libpng, libgpg-error, libgcrypt, fribidi Various fixes to the following modules: * access: HTTP, SMB updated and additional access scripts (BBC radio, dailymotion, ) Prevent integer underflow in Real pseudo-RTSP module, discovered by tixxDZ, DZCORE Labs, Algeria * stream out: RTP, RTSP VoD, Mosaic Bridge * decoder: TSCC Changes between 0.9.9a and 1.0.0: Important notes: - * Alsa and OSS audio capture has been removed from the v4l and v4l2 accesses. See Access: for more info. * Support for Mac OS X 10.4.x was dropped due to its technical limitations Playback: * Instantaneous pausing * Frame-by-Frame playback * Finer speed control * On-the-fly recording for all medias * Timeshift for most medias * RTSP trickplay support * Subtitles core improvements and fixes Decoders: * New AES3 (SMPTE 302M) decoder * New Dolby Digital Plus E-AC-3 (A/52b) decoder * New True HD/MLP decoder and parser * New Blu-Ray Linear PCM decoder * New QCELP (Qualcomm PureVoice) decoder * Improved Real Video 3.0 4.0 decoder * New WMA v1/2 fixed point integer decoder * Closed Captions using the SCTE-20 standard are now correctly decoded * Improvement of WavPack decoder to support all integer modes and float mode * Corrections on 5.1 and 7.1 channel decoding and ordering Demuxers: * Support for Dirac, MLP and RealVideo in Matroska files * Major improvements in RealMedia files opening (.rm and .rmvb) * Improvements of the TS demuxer for M2TS files from Blu-Ray and AVCHD * Metadata for mod files are supported * GSM codecs in Wav files are supported * New raw audio demuxer supporting raw PCM streams * New Dirac demuxer for raw Dirac streams Encoders: * Dirac encoding using libdirac (supported in Ogg and in TS) * Shine mp3 fixed-point encoder Access: * RTSP authentication with Darwin Streaming Server * On-the-fly gzip and bzip2 file decompression (except on Windows) * Playback for video in uncompressed multi-RAR archives * DVB-S and ATSC cards support on Windows * New OSS and Alsa accesses. The v4l2 and v4l modules no longer support OSS or Alsa audio input. Use input-slave alsa:// or oss:// if needed. * DVB scanning on linux * EXPERIMENTAL Blu-Ray Disc and AVCHD Folders support * On-the-fly zip file decompression and browsing (MRL of the form zip://file.zip!/file.avi to specify the file the development form of zip://file.zip|file.avi is not supported anymore) * Opening of any file descriptor using fd:// * MTP device access on Unix * CD-Text support on the cdda module (CD-Audio) * :start-time and :stop-time can handle sub-second values Inputs: * Mouse cursor support in x11 and win32 screen modules * Screen module now features partial screen capture and mouse following on Windows and Mac OS X. Playlist: * Export the playlist in HTML * Lua script for BBC radio playback * Better metadata handling and reading Linux/Windows interface: * Global Hotkeys on Windows and Linux * Various fixes for skins2 interface * Recently played items list * Interface toolbar customizations * Various Improvements on the Qt interface: More menus actions Finer speed slider Improvements on many dialogs New dialog for plugins listing Fixed-size mode for videos Better Teletext, trickplay and encrypted streams control * Better integration in GTK environments Mac OS X Interface: * Controllable by the Media Keys on modern Apple keyboards (brushed Aluminium) * Reveal-in-Finder functionality for locally stored items. * Easy addition of subtitles through the Video menu * Additional usability improvements Stream output: * Restored the old mpeg2 transrating module. * Multiple bridge-in instances are now possible. * bridge-in can be used to configure a placeholder stream. * Remote Audio Output Protocol (AirTunes) module. * Fixed mosaic memleak. Mosaics are now usable again. Maemo Port: * New Maemo port with: an interface based on Hildon framework. scaler based on the swscale_nokia770 library. Windows CE Port: EXPERIMENTAL work for the winCE port has been done. Mac OS X Port: * EXPERIMENTAL 64bit support * Speed improvements by using llvm-gcc * New document icons by Dominic Spitaler * Support for latest iSight models Audio output: * Removed obsolete Esound and aRts plugins * Surround support for PulseAudio Video output: * Effects (cube, torus, etc.) removed from OpenGL video output * Video is able to stay in original size and to zoom in fullscreen (hotkey o) while keeping black borders * Image video output has been rewritten into a video-filter named scene. The old image video output has been removed. * Support for scaling and converting video chromas with FFMPEG imgresample was withdrawn due to bugs. Please use the newer FFMPEG swscale instead. Miscellaneous: * Invmem, a fake codec to display images from external applications New Localization: * Khmer * Mongolian * Sorani Changes between 0.9.9 and 0.9.9a: Mac OS X: * Updated multiple 3rd party libraries to keep in sync with the Win32 port * Playback fixes for PowerPC-based Macs Changes between 0.9.8a and 0.9.9: Decoders: * Experimental new decoder for Real Video 3.0 4.0 Demuxers: * Various fixes related to real demuxer Mac OS X Interface: * Fixed circumstances, which could lead to an empty Information panel Note that VLC will show information on the currently _selected_ item instead of the currently _playing_ item, if the playlist is visible in the main controller window. * Fixed multiple UTF8 issues in the Streaming / Exporting Wizard Mac OS X Port: * Improved video playback performance on Intel-based Macs New Localizations: * Indonesian * Bengali * Updates of other localizations Various bugfixes: * Support for receiving RTP packets on odd port numbers. * Lots of small bugfixes. * Correct Fullscreen behaviour on Multi-Screen setups on Windows * Telnet fixes on Windows * Resampling fixes when transcoding Changes between 0.9.6 and 0.9.8a: Security update: * Fixed buffer overflow in Real demuxer (SA-0811, CVE-2008-5276) Bunch of small bugfixes. Changes between 0.9.5 and 0.9.6: New Localizations: * Ukranian Security updates: * Fixed overflow in CUE support from VCD access (SA-0810, CVE-2008-5032) * Fixed overflow in RealText subtitles support (SA-0810, CVE-2008-5036) Changes between 0.9.4 and 0.9.5: Security updates: * Fixed buffer overflow in TiVo demuxer (SA-0809, CVE-2008-4686, CVE-2008-4654) * Fixed libpng CVE-2008-3964 in Win32 and MacOS builds Features: * Closed Caption EIA 608/708 parsing enabled for libmpeg2 Various bugfixes: * Fixed various potential crashes and memleaks * Fixed issues with reading from files (especially non-local) Windows port: * Fix bug where interface was eating some media keys * Fix some crashes in DirectShow access Qt Interface: * Fix bug when the resetting of preferences didnt reset the dialog states * Right-click menu to select playlist columns reenabled * Various fixed in playlist Access: * MMAP module is now deactivated by default Translations: * Update of Brazillian, Swedish translation Changes between 0.9.3 and 0.9.4: Various bugfixes: * Crashes fixed in ogg, vobsub, dvdread * Fixes several memory leaks. Mac OS X port: * Apple machines without Quartz Extreme are no longer supported (use 0.9.2 or earlier ) * Fixed a crash with deletion of old preferences. * Fixed targetname for downloaded updates Windows port: * Stability fix for the video output. Changes between 0.9.2 and 0.9.3: Various bugfixes: * Fixed DTS channel order on 5.1 systems * Fixed pausing behavior for subtitles and for Audio-CD * Multiple subtitles and podcast fixes * Various crashes fixed in PS, SSA, mkv, xspf, freetype * Fixed update system bugs * Other bug fixes (dvd language selection, subtitle colours, HTTP keep-alive+) Mac OS X port: * Fixed ffmpeg slowness on PowerPC-based Macs * Fixed crash on startup when installed on old preferences * Fixed bug in directory opening on Mac OS X * Fixed font selection in the Simple Preferences * Thicker border to the subtitle renderer * Fixed the appearance of playlist items in the Streaming/Transcoding Wizard * Fixed AC3 passthrough on Mac OS X * Fixed behavior of the Volume Normalizer settings on Mac OS X * Removed the deprecated QuickDraw video output module to avoid crashes on modern Mac OS X versions Windows port: * Fixed sensitivity of Fullscreen Controller * Fixed error messages on startup when VLC wasnt correctly uninstalled before installation * Fix showing of controller when returning from fullscreen playback * Multiple directory and path location fixes. Qt4 interface: * Added Faster/Slower icons to the controller panel * Fixed lost playlist columns when switching the playlist view * Added needed options to Simple preferences (to avoid NVIDIA drivers issues) * Fullscreen controller: added time label, remembering of last position * Fixed dragn drop behaviour on the playlist * Multiple other fixes (Enter hotkey in preferences, Skins selection) Changes between 0.9.1 and 0.9.2: * Restored the old behavior of sout-keep. It is now de-activated by default. * Skins2 interface repaired on Windows. * Multiple bugfixes. Changes between 0.9.1 and 0.9.0: * Multiple bug fixes. Changes between 0.8.6i and 0.9.0: Important notes: - * This release will need Windows 2000 and Mac OS X 10.4 (Tiger), or more recent to work correctly * The HTTP interface is now only available on the local machine by default. If you want to make it available from other machines, you will have to edit the .hosts file. On UNIX/Linux, the file is in /usr/share/vlc/http/.hosts If youre using the old http interface, its located in /usr/share/vlc/http/old/.hosts On Windows they are in C:Program FilesVideoLANVLChttp.hosts and C:Program FilesVideoLANVLChttpold.hosts On Mac OS X, you can find it in VLC.app/Contents/MacOS/share/http/.hosts and respectively in VLC.app/Contents/MacOS/share/http/old/.hosts * This version of VLC contains a new interface for Windows and Linux. This interface has a fullscreen controller and simplified preferences. This interface lacks the Streaming Wizard that used to be present in VLC 0.8.6, but provides basic profiles. * The behavior of sout-keep was changed. Its now activated by default. * The marq, mosaic and logo commands in the rc interface changed. They now require a target name as their first argument. Example: vlc sub-filter [emailprotected]{marquee=Hello} -I rc You can then use commands like: @test marq-marquee Goodbye If you didnt name the object using @test, its name will default to the plugin name (hence marq) in this example. These new commands are also available in the telnet interface. * The rtp access output module has been removed. Please use the RTP stream output instead, e.g.: Old: #std{access=rtp,mux=ts,dst=239.255.1.2:5004,sap} New: #rtp{mux=ts,dst=239.255.1.2,port=5004,sap} * You now need to append m3u-extvlcopt to your command line to enable EXTVLCOPT options parsing in m3u playlists. Note that only a limited set of options is available to m3u playlists (CVE-2007-6683). * The old access:url syntax is no longer supported to resolve ambiguities with some file names. Use access://url instead. E.g.: vlc:quit -> vlc://quit ; udp:@239.255.12.12 -> udp://@239.255.12.12 * The ffmpeg module has been removed and replaced by the new avcodec, avformat, swscale (or imgresample if you use a swscale-less ffmpeg build) and postproc modules. * The web plugins ActiveX (IE)/Firefox/Mozilla/Safari now recognize the following states: IDLE/CLOSE=0, OPENING=1, BUFFERING=2, PLAYING=3, PAUSED=4, STOPPING=5, FORWARD=6, BACKWARD=7, ENDED=8, ERROR=9. With FORWARD and BACKWARD being reserved for future implementations and are thus not functional atm. * Croping and padding in transcode are now done using the croppadd video filter. For example: transcode{vcodec=mp2v,vfilter=croppadd{cropttop=20,cropbottom=30,paddleft=100}} * Canvas setting in transcode is now done using the canvas video filter. For example: transcode{vcodec=mp2v,vfilter=canvas{width=640,height=480}} * Glide video output module has been removed. Changes: Security updates: * Updated libfreetype on Windows and Mac OS X (CVE-2008-1806, CVE-2008-1806, CVE-2008-1807) * TTA Parser improvements (CVE-2008-3732) * MMS Access Module improvements (CVE-2008-3794 ) Playlist: * Vastly improved playlist support: * Media library creation to save all your playlist items * Live search * Shoutcast TV listings * Audioscrobbler/Last.FM support * Album art support * User definable Lua playlist scripts. See share/lua/playlist/README.txt (Default scripts open YouTube, DailyMotion, metacafe, Google Video and lots of other URLs) * User definable Lua album art fetcher scripts. See share/lua/meta/README.txt Inputs: * Video for Linux 2 (V4L2) input support * UDP-Lite transport for RTP/AVP * DCCP transport for RTP/AVP * Proxy support for MMSH stream * JACK audio input support * Input run time option (improved live stream recording) * BDA devices access module for DVB-C/S/T capture cards on Microsoft Windows * Re-written Screen access module for Mac OS X using OpenGL instead of QuickDraw * Screen module now supports partial screen capture and mouse following on X11. * Experimental EyeTV access module This requires the user to install a plugin to EyeTV.app (available as a separate download). * Simple RTP input (with MPEG A/V, G.711 and PCM support). * RTMP input support * QTKit-based Input module for Mac OS X allowing display and streaming of video taken from all iSight-labelled video cameras (no audio support) * HTTP access now supports gzip compressed data and Digest Access Authentication. * New options to reduce latency between arrival of raw data and display of frames. (auto-adjust-pts-delay and use-stream-immediate) Demuxers: * MP4 gpac and Apple chapter support * Fixed playback of AIFF stereo files * Fixed audio glitch on seek * Improved FLAC demuxer (duration / current time / meta data) * AAC tags support * APEv1/2 tags support * Improved ID3v2 tags support * Improved Ogg/Vorbis tags support * Raw video support * Standard MIDI File (types 0 1) support * TiVo Series 2 support * CD+G karaoke Files support * MXF files support * OMA support Decoders: * VP60/VP61/VP6F/VP62 support * Flash Screen Video support * CamStudio Screen Video support * DosBox Capture support * Karl Mortons Video support * limited atrac3 support * Fraps support * Fluidsynth MIDI software synthesis (with external sound fonts) * New codec FOURCCs to support more specific files: Avid, FCP, Sony, Samsung, * H.264 PAFF support * DNxHD / VC-3 support * NellyMoser ASAO support * APE (Monkey audio) support * RealVideo support (with the RealVideo run-time) * Dirac video support using libschroedinger Subtitles: * Closed Caption Decoder (DVD, ReplayTV, TiVo, DVB/ATSC) * VBI EBU (Teletext) support (*nix, Mac OS) * Ogg/Kate subtitles support * AQTitle subtitles support * MKV USF subtitles support * HTML-based subtitles support * MPSub subtitles support * JacoSub subtitles basic support * MPL2 subtitles support * Rewrite of ASS/SSA scripts and subtitles support * PowerDivx (.psb) Subtitles support * Realtext subtitle support * DKS subtitle support * SubViewer 1.0 (SubRip09) subtitles support * Correct Right-to-left languages in subtitles support Encoders: * Flash Screen Video support * Improved H.264 encoding speed Video outputs and filters: * New CoreAnimation-based output module (VLCKit framework on OS X only) * Adjust, Invert and Distort (now split into Wave, Ripple, Gradient and Psychedelic) video filters can now be streamed * New puzzle video output filter * Re-written motion detection video filter * New extract video filter (extract Red, Green and Blue components from a video) * New sharpen video filter (increase the contrast of adjacent pixels) * New erase video filter (removes logos from a video) * Enhanced subtitles renderer to support bold, italic and some HTML tags (Google Summer of Code Student project) * Support for RGBA and I420 blending. The latter improves Mosaic CPU usage *a lot*. * New transparency mask video filter (for use with the mosaic_bridge module). * New bluescreen video filter (for use with the mosaic_bridge module). This was previously part of the mosaic module. * Fixed random characters problem in RSS filter. * Add rotate-deciangle for more precision on rotate filter * Support for Intel SSE2 instruction set in chroma converters * Improved use of Intel MMX instruction set in chroma converters * New croppadd and canvas video filters. Audio outputs and filters: * Replay gain support * Audio playback when going slower/faster (with pitch correction via new scaletempo audio filter) * New spatializer audio filter * Correct DTS output via S/PDIF Stream output: * RTSP for TS-multiplexed broadcast streams * New RTP payload formats: * Speex voice audio codec * ITU T.140 (for text, subtitles) output * G.711 (both A-law and  µ-law) output * UDP-Lite transport for RTP * DCCP transport for RTP * Lots of fixes for RTSP broadcasting * RTMP output Interfaces: * All * New Simple Preferences dialogs showing the most important settings in an end-user suitable way. * Improved user interaction * Improved mouse gestures * Vastly improved Update checker * Full support for meta data editing (ID3v2, Ogg/Vorbis, AAC, APEv1/2) * Windows/Linux * Brand new interface for Linux and Windows, based on the Qt toolkit * Fullscreen controller (transparency on Linux+Composite) * Mac OS X * Improved video output features * Online access to VideoLANs Help Wiki within VLC * New setting to disable the Recent Items service * When playing Radio (live) streams, the current track is shown correctly * Correct appearance on Macs using Aquas graphite theme * Simplified Extended Controls panel * Ncurses: * Correctly displays wide characters when using an UTF-8 locale, if libncursesw is available. * Some nice colors if the terminal supports it (most do) * Experimental Lua interface modules. See vlc -I lua and share/lua/playlist/README.txt for more info. * Unix * Option to allow only one running instance, using D-Bus interface. * D-Bus Interface implementing the MPRIS (Media Player Remote Interfacing specification), a common dbus control interface for media players that intends to become an xdg standard when finished: http://wiki.xmms2.xmms.se/index.php/Media_Player_Interfaces . * Motion module using disk accelerometers to keep video horizontal * Plugin to set Telepathy presence message using MissionControl * Fixed VLM schedule time on Linux Linux Port: * VLC now complies with the XDG Base Directory Specification version 0.6 http://standards.freedesktop.org/basedir-spec/basedir-spec-0.6.html (which means that VLC doesnt use the $HOME/.vlc directory anymore) Mac OS X Port: * Mac OS X Framework VLCKit that can be used to embed VLC in third party applications (Google Summer of Code Student project, Mac OS X 10.5 only) * New text renderer based on Quartz replacing the existing Freetype solution * Complete compatibility with Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard * It is now required to compile a fully featured build * The support of Mac OS X 10.3.9 and QuickTime 6.x was discontinued. LibVLC: * Event management and various improvements in libvlc (Part of a Google Summer of Code Student project) New Localizations: * Finnish * Persian * Polish * Punjabi * Bulgarian Developers: * LibVLC now supports externally built plugins properly. A vlc-plugin pkg-config package is provided. * Java bindings are now built from a separate source. Changes between 0.8.6h and 0.8.6i: - Security updates: * Fixed integer overflow in WAV demuxer (CVE-2008-2430) Various bugfixes: * Fixed option to use shared memory within the GLX video output module * Improved galaktos-based audio visualizations on FreeBSD * Miscellaneous bugfixes in multiple modules and in libvlc (transcode stream output, OSD menu video filter, VCD input, SAP services discovery, http control interface) * Updated Polish translation Changes between 0.8.6g and 0.8.6h: - Security updates: * Updated GnuTLS and libgcrypt on Windows and Mac OS X (CVE-2008-1948, CVE-2008-1949, CVE-2008-1950) * Updated libxml2 on Windows and Mac OS X (CVE-2007-6284) Goodies: * Updated libebml and libmatroska on Mac OS X. Reliability improvements. * Miscellaneous bugfixes in multiple modules and in libvlc (ftp access, record access filter, video filters, RC interface, playlist demuxer, IP networking, MPJPEG muxer, stream outputs) * Improved support for MPEG2 content created by Final Cut Pro * More reliable audio reception for MPEG TS streams * Fixed a regression in 0.8.6g where usage of the snapshot feature could lead to an unexpected application termination * New Serbian translation * Updated Romanian translation Changes between 0.8.6f and 0.8.6g: - Security updates: * Removed VLC variable settings from Mozilla and ActiveX (CVE-2007-6683, VideoLAN-SA-0804) * Removed loading plugins from the current directory (CVE-2008-2147, VideoLAN-SA-0805) * Updated libpng on Windows and Mac OS X (CVE-2008-1382) * Fixed libid3tag denial of service (CVE-2008-2109) * Fixed libvorbis vulnerabilities (CVE-2008-1419, CVE-2008-1420, CVE-2008-1423) * Fixed speex insufficient boundary check (CVE-2008-1686, oCERT-2008-004) Various bugfixes: * Fixed various memory leaks, improving stability when running as a server * Fixed compilation with recent versions of FFmpeg * Correctly parses SAP announcements from MPEG-TS * Fixed AAC resampling * The Fullscreen Controller appears correctly on Mac OS X, if the Always-on-top video option was selected. Changes between 0.8.6e and 0.8.6f: - Security updates: * Really fixed subtitle buffer overflow (CVE-2007-6681, CVE-2008-1881) * Fixed Real RTSP code execution problem (CVE-2008-

Solar Energy Essay -- A Level Essays

Solar Energy ~Some history, types, and facts~ In this modern fast paced world that we live in, there are many issues that are looked over, energy is one of these. As a world, we are dependant on dwindling fossil fuel supplies and take for granted electricity, oil, and gas. There are four completely renewable sources of energy around us that should be used and developed, they are: wind, growing plants, flowing water, and the sun. These sources of energy are the ones we should be tapping, because they are reliable and renewable. Harnessing the suns energy is the most certain and ultimate energy source. Looking at a brief history and some facts about solar energy, a glimpse of the future can be seen, a future not dependant on fossil fuels. Using the sun for its heat and energy is not a new idea. It has been around for thousands of years. The first record of sun being utilized for energy and heat dates back to 400 BC. The Greeks designed their buildings and oriented their houses to utilize the sun during the winter and obscuring its hot rays during the summer. The Romans then continued on with harnessing the suns energy by developing window glass that allows the sunlight to come in, but traps solar heat. The Romans even put the sun in their legal system as to make sure that every house had so much access to the sun. The first solar water heaters came into play in the 18th century. A French-Swiss scientist in Maryland did an experiment to see how much heat window glass would actually trap. By building a box and putting different glass tops on it, he learned he could reach the boiling point inside the box. Another person developed this idea and decided to put tanks of water into them, and sure enough that w... ... on the fuel supplies and political alliances that are very uncertain. From the history of solar energy, and the present developments, having your own solar power is very attainable for everyday life. Bibliography Facts Regarding Solar Energy. http://www.solar.org.uk/ecoshop/pages/seido1.htm. 2002 Fossil Fuel Consumption. http://zebu.uoregon.edu/1999/ph161/l10.html History of Solar Energy. http://www.solarenergy.com/info_history.html. History of Solar Energy, Revisiting Solar Power’s Past. http://www.abc.net.au/rn/science/earth/stories/s225110.htm. Charles Smith. 1995. How Stuff Works. http://people.howstuffworks.com/hydrogen-economy1.htm Komp, Richard J. Practical photovoltaics, electricity from solar cells. 3rd edition. aatec. 1995. Solar Energy Basics. http://www.eere.energy.gov/RE/solar.html. U.S. Department of Energy.2003.

Airwide Case Study

Airwide International is a rapid growing company of commercial and residential air conditioning systems in Europe. The company is broadly broken up into four divisions, one of which is Italy (Western Europe). Italy will be the country that the current dillema will be held in. Airwide shares competition with approximately 75 different manufactures of various air conditioning units. The existence of Asian companies has intensified the competition.Italy is the largest producer of air conditioning units but they are only found in j12 percent of homes. This is significantly low considering the United States has an average of 71 percent in homes. This is a problem that Airwide has been evaluating for some time. Since Airwide would like to increase the percentage of air conditioning units throughout Europe, especially Italy. It came to no surprise that a dealer from Genoa approached the company in hopes to persuade them to sell the units at the higher discount.Giacomo Marino, the dealer, st ated that if he were to purchase the price to distributer for each unit, that his sales would increase sales because the salespeople would get the opportunity to take away business from retailers that sell Asian brands. Airwide International is facing a common problem that most companies of their size go through. Should the dealer maintain title of a dealer but pay the same for the air conditioning unit. This has been an ongoing proposal from Nuova Climatizzazione to Airwide.The dealer would like to be granted the same financial status as a master distributer. Nuova has proven its success in their numbers. They serve approximately 320 accounts located in Genoa. In this proposal, Nuova stated that if they were to receive the higher discount this will increase Airwide sales by 20-25 percent in the next two years. One of the main concerns Airwide has with this proposal is that they have a master distributer in the northern region who believes the dealer will take away their business.Th e dealer has shown that the distributer has done a poor job in development through the region because it is too focused on high margin systems. This would be an issue for Airwide, however the distributer accounts for more than 70 percent of Airwide product sales. Airwide must choose to either give the dealer the higher discount or not. There is a conflict between the master distributer and the local dealer. The local dealer would like to decrease in market share and engage in the competitive industry.While the dealer would like to partake in the higher discount, he will have to determine if they will be able to support the minimum $3 million inventory cost. Currently, the dealer has $1. 2 million in sales. He forecasts, with the discount, his sales will increase by 25%. As a result, his overall sales for the year will be $1. 5 million within a two year period. This is half of the inventory minimum. If the dealer would like to be considered for the discount, he will have to show a bu siness plan as to how he will support the initial cost to obtain inventory.The distributer had $9. 7 million in sales of the residential and light commericial units in 2000. An alternative to allowing the local dealer to obtain the higher discount is to do nothing at all. Both parties are contributing well to the company’s success, so like the say, don’t fix what isn’t broken. This may impact the dealer in how they go forward with pushing Airwide business; however the company would not be as impacted on this situation as they would if the distributer were to be upset.The dealer is successful at selling the smaller units and the distributer is successful at selling the larger units since they have the funds for inventory. If Airwide will not give the dealer the higher discount, but they want to challenge him to see if he can gain sales up to 25%. The solution that best fits the company at this time would be to maintain what is currently the process. The dealer ha s not proven that they will be able to financially afford the minimum inventory budget. The distributer has a higher overall selling rate than the dealer.

4 Tips for Writing a Johns Hopkins Essay That Works

4 Tips for Writing a Johns Hopkins Essay That Works SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Johns Hopkins University is considered one of the top-ten national schools in the United States.As the country’s first research university, Johns Hopkins is interested in fostering lifelong learning and research. Though their medical school is perhaps their most famous department, Johns Hopkins has many prestigious programs- and their reputation means admittance is extremely competitive, with just a 13 percent acceptance rate. If you want to join the band of Blue Jays, you’ll need to be a stellar student- and you’ll need to write a killer Johns Hopkins essay. This guide will walk you through the Johns Hopkins supplement, including best practices for answering the prompt, how to plan your essay, and analyzing essays that got other applicants in. Feature image:Matthew Petroff/Wikimedia Commons What Should You Know About the Johns Hopkins Supplement? The Johns Hopkins application is fairly straightforward. You can apply using the Coalition, Common, or Universal Application, which typically have their own essay questions to answer. In addition to whatever essay you choose for your application, Johns Hopkins also asks for an additional required essay of up to 400 words. There is just a single prompt, so no struggling to pick which one will best suit your needs. Johns Hopkins wants to hear about the times when your group work went great. What Is the Johns Hopkins Essay Prompt? Johns Hopkins has just one essay prompt. The prompt focuses on collaboration and teamwork, asking you to think about your own role in working with others. Successful students at Johns Hopkins make the biggest impact by collaborating with others, including peers, mentors, and professors. Talk about a time, in or outside the classroom, when you worked with others and what you learned from the experience. (Up to 400 words). It’s clear that Johns Hopkins values working as part of a team, especially given that it’s a research university. Here, Johns Hopkins is asking you to look at a time when you’ve worked collaboratively with others and think about what you learned from the experience, not just in terms of what you accomplished, but in terms of what collaboration added. Collaboration and being part of a community are hugely important in college and beyond. If you go in with the mindset that you’re there to learn not just from teachers, but from fellow students as well, you’re more likely to succeed. In asking you to think about a past project when you’ve collaborated with others, Johns Hopkins is also asking to see your understanding that great achievements are rarely the product of one single brilliant mind. Demonstrating that you know working together achieves great things in your essay signals to Johns Hopkins University that you’re ready to be part of a thriving, intellectual student community. Don’t fall into the trap of feeling like your experience is only worthwhile if you managed to invent something totally new or change the world. The focus here is on what you learned, not what you achieved- if your most important moment of collaboration is you and your siblings getting your house clean before an unexpected visit from your grandparents, that’s okay! Focus on what you learned from it, like dividing up tasks, taking breaks, and supporting one another. Whatever you choose to write about, it should answer the essential question of what you learned and why collaboration was important. This essay, though short, can also be another space for the school to learn more about you- if you’ve worked collaboratively in any extracurricular activities, now’s a great time to discuss it. Johns Hopkins wants to get to know you through this essay, but be wary of focusing on your own importance. Talk about the lessons you learned, the skills that you gained, or the way that others supported you, but avoid writing about how you did all the work and that that’s why you were successful. That’s not in the spirit of collaboration- and if your grades and test scores are up to snuff, you won’t need your essay to do that legwork for you. That doesn’t mean to downplay your achievements- by all means, if your work as school newspaper editor won your high school lots of awards, mention it! But unless you wrote, photographed, and edited the entire newspaper yourself, it’s not only your achievement. Consider how others contributed and factor that into what you learned to make your essay stronger. There's no wrong way to celebrate a successful essay. Johns Hopkins Essays That Worked Even with a guide, it can be hard to figure out exactly what Johns Hopkins is looking for in their essays. Thankfully, the college posts successful essays on their website- complete with admissions office comments- giving you the chance to look through Johns Hopkins essays that worked. These examples are responses to different prompts, so they do some things quite differently. But reading through them can give you valuable insight into what Johns Hopkins University values in an essay, such as a cohesive look at each applicant and a creative frame for each topic. "Time to Spin the Wheel" Add the fact that I was raised in a Bengali household and studied Spanish in high school for four years, and I was able to add other exotic words. Sinfin, zanahoria, katukutu, and churanto soon took their rightful places alongside my English favorites.And yet, during this time of vocabulary enrichment, I never thought that Honors English and Biology had much in common. Imagine my surprise one night as a freshman as I was nonchalantly flipping through a science textbook. I came upon fascinating new terms: adiabatic, axiom, cotyledon, phalanges†¦and I couldn’t help but wonder why these non-literary, seemingly random words were drawing me in. These words had sharp syllables, were challenging to enunciate, and didn’t possess any particularly abstract meaning.I was flummoxed, but curious†¦I kept reading....†¦and then it hit me. For all my interest in STEM classes, I never fully embraced the beauty of technical language, that words have the power to simultaneou sly communicate infinite ideas and sensations AND intricate relationships and complex processes.Perhaps that’s why my love of words has led me to a calling in science, an opportunity to better understand the parts that allow the world to function. At day’s end, it’s language that is perhaps the most important tool in scientific education, enabling us all to communicate new findings in a comprehensible manner, whether it be focused on minute atoms or vast galaxies. Romila’s interest in language is introduced at the very beginning, but the essay takes a surprising turn midway through. Because she focuses on language, we’d expect that she’s interested in pursuing a literature or writing degree. Instead, her interest in language helped shape her love for biology. What works particularly well in this essay is that it demonstrates Romila’s unique background as a language-loving biology major of Bengali heritage. She doesn’t need to declare her diversity; it’s demonstrated through each unique facet of her personality she brings up. As the admissions committee comments below the essay, Romila also does a wonderful job of showing her interest in interdisciplinary learning. It’s not just that she loves linguistics and biology, but that she sees a clear line from one to the other- she loves both of them and the ways that they flow together. It’s unlikely that you have the same experience as Romila, but keep these things in mind when writing your own essay. How can you use your essay to discuss your educational aspirations? Does the work you’ve done with others fall into interdisciplinary learning? That can be as unconventional as an edible presentation on nuclear physics or as simple as understanding that your soccer team was made up of people with different skills and positions, and together, you won the championship. "And on That Note" While practicing a concert D-flat scale, I messed up a fingering for a low B-flat, and my instrument produced a strange noise with two notes. My band teacher got very excited and exclaimed, â€Å"Hey, you just played a polyphonic note!† I like it when accidents lead to discovering new ideas.I like this polyphonic sound because it reminds me of myself: many things at once....Even though my last name gives them a hint, the Asian students at our school don’t believe that I’m half Japanese. Meanwhile the non-Asians are surprised that I’m also part Welsh. I feel comfortable being unique or thinking differently. As a Student Ambassador this enables me to help freshman and others who are new to our school feel welcome and accepted. I help the new students know that it’s okay to be themselves.There is added value in mixing things together. I realized this when my brother and I won an international Kavli Science Foundation contest where we explained the math behind the Pixar movie â€Å"Up†. Using stop motion animation we explored the plausibility and science behind lifting a house with helium balloons. I like offering a new view and expanding the way people see things. In many of my videos I combine art with education. I want to continue making films that not only entertain, but also make you think. Like Romila, Curtis’ essay uses an introductory framing device- his experience in playing a polyphonic note- to transition into a discussion of all the ways that he is multiple things at once. Demonstrating his multiple interests is part of why Curtis’ essay succeeds so well, but most of these examples aren’t just examples of contradictions or subverted expectations. They show other things, too, like the way that other people see him (Asian students don’t believe that he’s half Japanese, non-Asian kids only see him as Asian), his interest in different fields leads him to create unique projects, and his experience in being different allows him to be welcoming to others. Curtis’ writing is lively without getting lost in the metaphor. The framing device is clear, but it doesn’t come up so much that it feels too focused on the idea of a polyphonic note. The essay would work just fine without the metaphor, which means his points are strong and sound. According to the admissions office notes, Curtis’ essay stood out in part because of the way it shows his ability to think across disciplines. Creative thinking is a huge asset at a research university like Johns Hopkins. Like Romila’s essay, this interest in interdisciplinary learning shows that he’ll be a good fit for Johns Hopkins. You wouldn't build a house without a plan- don't write your essay without one, either! 4 Key Tips for Writing Your Johns Hopkins Essay Because the Johns Hopkins supplement has just one prompt, you’ll want to do your absolute best on it. That means getting started early and giving yourself plenty of time to polish and refine your work to its finest. As with all college essays, you’ll want to go through multiple drafts and seek feedback from others to make sure your essay is as strong as it’s possible to be. The earlier you start, the more time to you have to whip in into shape! #1: Brainstorm Remember all those exercises your high school teachers had you work on, like mind mapping and freewriting? Now’s the time to bust them out. Look at the prompt and write down as many short answers as you can think of, no matter how silly they might sound- you don’t have to use them if you don’t feel strongly about them! If you spend some time writing down all your ideas, you can choose the one that speaks most strongly to you rather than getting midway through an essay before realizing that it’s not what you really want to be writing about. #2: Be Specific Specificity is extremely important. With just 400 words, you need to make sure you’re using your space wisely. Tie your idea directly to Johns Hopkins University rather than speaking in generalities. Look through their course catalog and club offerings and try to connect some of them to your aspirations. Because the prompt asks about collaboration, try to envision yourself in those spaces, accomplishing your goals thanks to your classmates’ support. #3: Get Feedback Once you’ve gone through a draft or two, it’s time to turn your precious essay over to someone else for feedback. Find people who you trust to give you honest and helpful critique; if they’re too harsh, you’re not going to want to use their advice, and if they focus too much on praise, you might not end up with anything to change. Look to teachers or other people who have experience with writing- preferably not parents, as they’re a little too close to you to be objective- for good advice. #4: Revise Let all that feedback sit for a while before you sit down to revise. Sometimes, our initial response to feedback is to either implement all of it or reject all of it, neither of which are necessarily the best way to improve an essay. Consider the feedback you receive and find a middle ground between their recommendations and your voice and goals. It’s okay if you don’t agree with some of it, but do be sure that you always ask yourself why someone might not have understood your meaning- if clarity’s an issue, you can address that even if you don’t agree with someone’s suggestion. What's Next? A good essay is just one part of a successful Johns Hopkins application. Take some time to make sure your GPA, ACT, and SAT scores are up to par, too! Need some additional help in writing a great college essay? This guide has all the tips and tricks for turning your ideas into essays! The college application process can be long and confusing, especially when you're applying to a competitive school like Johns Hopkins. This expert guide to college applications will give you all the tips and information you need to create a truly spectacular application! Want to write the perfect college application essay? Get professional help from PrepScholar. Your dedicated PrepScholar Admissions counselor will craft your perfect college essay, from the ground up. We'll learn your background and interests, brainstorm essay topics, and walk you through the essay drafting process, step-by-step. At the end, you'll have a unique essay that you'll proudly submit to your top choice colleges. Don't leave your college application to chance. Find out more about PrepScholar Admissions now:

Clay Walls essays

Clay Walls essays Some say that the United States is a salad bowl of race. People from all corners of the world have and will come to the United States, searching for freedom and opportunities. However, not only the good aspects of American life, but also the large, thick  gwalls h which are the stern realities full of hardships welcome the immigrants. Koreans are no exception. Kim Ronyoung describes a Korean immigrant family in her novel, Clay Walls. Haesu, the protagonist of the novel, face numerous  gwalls h while living in Los Angeles during the early 1900s. Integrating into the American culture is more difficult when there are significant  gwalls h that immigrants must overcome. Characters in the novel have to experience and surmount cultural, language, and immigration barriers to live in the United States. Immigrants entering in the American society come face to face with many barriers, due to the difference between American culture and their home country fs culture, that affect and change their values. The most notable  gwalls h is built between Haesu and her children, Harold, John and Faye. Her children are all born and brought up in the United States whereas Haesu is born and brought up the Korean traditional mindset. While Haesu desires her children to be  gKoreans h like she is, John and Faye are already well Americanized. For example, they show little respect to Haesu. Under Confucianism, Koreans respect their elders, following when and whatever they say. However, John and Faye talk back easily to their mother, which Haesu have never done before in Korea to her mother. John asks her  gwhy not (70)? h when Haesu  gorder[s] (70) h him to stop saying  gbitchin f. h Faye even  gdeclare[s] (62) h that she does not  gwant [Hae su] to curl [her] hair (62) h when Haesu is preparing Faye to go on board the ship. Not understanding the Americanized children, Haesu is confused with their rebellious attit...

The Nurses Responsibility in the Prevention of Medication Errors Essay

The Nurses Responsibility in the Prevention of Medication Errors - Essay Example Thus, this area needs careful administration in order to avoid unhappy accidents caused by the medication error. When a student studies in medical higher institution, he/she is told that a healthcare professional should not make any mistakes at all, as they are not excusable in the area of medicine. Everybody makes mistakes but a doctor must not as he/she simply does not have a right to do that. â€Å"Any preventable event that may cause or lead to inappropriate medication use or patient harm while the medication is in the control of the health care professional, patient, or consumer† is defined by the newest legislation as a medication error (cited in Preventing Medication Errors). Moreover, medication errors usually lead to court cases. Unfortunately, the number of medication errors in the modern society is very high and tend to increase. The main reasons are the following: Ignorance of drug management rights; The absence of regular drug check. Healthcare workers are obliged to check medications before giving them to patients; The absence of appropriate patient administration. The state of patient’s health may vary so only recent tests should be taken into account when prescribing medicines; Giving drugs to patient being unsure about the dosage and medication appropriateness. Nurses should remember that in the modern world medicine develops fast. New illnesses people die from make pharmacists work hard to invent new medicines. Thus, new drugs appear every day and it makes it necessary for nurses to trace the development of new drugs, to study them carefully in order not to appear in a situation when the prescribed drugs are unfamiliar to them. A nurse should not give a drug to patient if she does not know its characteristics and what it is used for. It may be the cause of medical error. It is also very important to remember that a drug that is used for adults, not always can be used for children or its dosage should be corrected. Unluckily, last time many medication errors reported are connected with children, who should be safe first of all. â€Å"Drugs approved for adults are often used for children under the age of 12, although they aren't formulated for pediatric use† (Hospital medication errors frequent with children). Reporting medical errors is also a big problem. Unfortunately, if a medical error occurs, medical personnel prefer to conceal it rather than to report. Such behavior is caused by the fear of humiliation, of shame, of loosing job etc. However a fear can’t be considered as an excuse as timely reported error can save somebody’s life. Unluckily, nurses often forget about that (Tackling medication errors: European Medicines Agency workshop calls for coordinated EU approach). There are several measures that should be necessarily taken by the nurse to prevent medical errors. The first is the appropriate evaluation. A nurse should find out if a patient has any contra-indications to this or that medicine, make necessary tests to define the state of his/her health. Secondly, it is necessary to create a plan of medicines taking, define the right dose and warn the patient about possible side effects. The third important step is to advise the patients to apply to nurse in case he has any doubts about the drug prescribed (dose, size, color etc.). The final important prevention measure is the assessment of outcomes. It is very essential to check the state of the patient in order to trace the

What constitutes coercion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

What constitutes coercion - Essay Example The basic intentions of coercion are to compel to an act or choice, which may involve the use of force or fraud to achieve desired results. There are concerns towards the legality of coercion during interrogation as a means of obtaining crucial information. These are related to gross violation of the basic human rights, and disregard of moral and ethical concerns. Information obtained through brutal, coercive means during interrogation may not always considered to be useful as the subject is under strain and can say as desired to prevent more harm. Law enforcement agencies provide guidelines on permissible interrogation techniques to their agents in a bid to avoid violation of suspect’s rights, which would in turn compromise the integrity of information gathered. Ethics on Coercion: Coercion violates the ethics of human behaviour and self will in almost every possible way. This occurs by offering incentives to an individual who is unwilling to conduct so as a given party or authority desires. As a result, coercion becomes an unethical activity following the force employed to make the unwilling party participate. In the offering of incentives to the unwilling parties in order to secure compliance or participation, this translates to corruption of character and morals, which goes against social mores and norms. As a result, the society as a whole is denied its representation on a level that is recognized by law or one that stands with credibility. In addition to credibility, coercion violates social and personal ethics through the alterations that can be done to individual behaviours and information that one gives. This is particularly so in legal cases where information that is retrieved from an individual through coercion may be misleading to the delivery of justice. This makes coercion a violation of the law due to the interference it directs at the due course of justice, and the denial of rights. Constitutionally, coercion in the provision of information crucial for any purpose is a repugnant practice. This is following the earlier mentioned distortion of information due to the use of threats that target the wellbeing of the individual in question. However, the use of force to extract information from other parties may also have a positive side to it despite all the moral red flags raised. This is in relation to forcing information that is crucial for the greater good of the society rather than the wellbeing of the individual in question. In this case, incentives may be offered to the party in question to ensure cooperation as is the case in issues involving tax evasion. In such cases, parties involved are coerced to implicate one another in order to arrive at the truth, making coercion a strategy in attaining justice . Coercion is a term that is used in relation to the application of force in getting unwilling parties to engage in involuntary behaviour. In this regard, the use of excessive force to extract information becomes a legal issue due to the implication of torture, or the likelihood of torture occurring. Torture occurs when the wellbeing of the party in question is ignored, and the individual is subjected to harm. This is seen in cases where police officers threaten uncooperative suspects in order to secure compliance with their duties as police officers. These include the drawing of firearms or even hitting and tasering the suspects in an attempt to apprehend them. In such cases, coercion is deemed to be legal or ethical, although there is a standard to it. In case the above is not done within the confines of the law or violates, in any way, the

The Guide by R. K. Narayan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Guide by R. K. Narayan - Essay Example Th story is st in smll town whr th hro is tourist guid nd mts girl who is ccompnid by hr husbnd. H gts fscintd by tht girl nd with his chrm nd tlnt h mngs to gt th girl wy from hr husbnd nd uss hr dncing tlnts to rn mony nd nds in prison nd onc h gts out of th prison h gos in to villg nd strts living nothr fls lif bcus of his chrm nd tlnt th villgrs worship him s god, but how th hro trnsforms himslf in to somon who rlly ttins sttus of GOD. On my opinion, most of th srious thoughts nd ids of th uthor r not stright in this book. To fully undrstnd it, on nds to possss littl bit of mturity to rlly pprcit it, nd I mn mturity in trms of spiritulity. Th grtst problm tht is dpictd in this book is th low qulity of indignous ldrship in his own socity. H dscribs Brhmns s clss or vn politicl group with rsponsibility for th brkdown of trditionl Hindu vlus nd institutions of govrnnc. It should b notd tht Nryn is not dvout Hindu, nd h oftn ccuss Wstrnrs of wrongly supposing tht ll Indins r dply spiritul bings. In his novl Nryn undrtons Gndhism ,whr h points out to th phrs of Vln, "Your pnnc is similr to Mhtm Gndhi's. H hs lft us discipl in you to sv us " (Nryn , p 93). cntrl topic of th novl is th convrsion of Rju from his rol s tour guid to tht of spiritul guid, whr s tour guid nd lovr, h is imptuous, immorl, nd vn hdonistic. s rsult, ftr his imprisonmnt nd wholly trnsformtion h turns into holy, crful nd slf-disciplind mn. Th novl potrys two storis, tht of Rju's rltionship with Rosi, nd tht of Rju's rltionship with th villgrs s holy mn. Th novl thn ltrnts btwn n ccount of Rju's crr s holy mn, which is told in th third-prson, nd Rju's ccount to Vln of his prvious crr s tour guid nd lovr. This dulism of th story is sign of th dulism in Rju's chrctr. Rju is dpictd s sympthtic chrctr throughout th novl. Th illusion in Rju's lif is Rosi, who dtrcts him wy from th dily routin of norml lif. Whn Rju ss hr for th first tim, h dscribs hr by using words lik "complxion not whit, but dusky, which md hr only hlf visibl, s if you sw hr through film of tndr coconut juic" (Nryn ,p 29). It is n opn ndd novl whr nothing is vr rvld. If you think it is right, it will b so. You will probbly sk yourslf if th msk bcom so ovrpowring, tht it tks ovr Rju's rl chrctr nd stblishs it s th truth. Nryn's drk irony is dpictd through th mking of Mhtm in this novl, howvr, Rju's ws cs whr th physicl guid indd bcm spiritul guid, Swmi nd finlly th msk hs tkn ovr th chrctr. No on would sy tht it is simply just pssiv tking ovr, bcus in this cs th chrctr hs cquird th msk nd bcom on with it. Rju's rscu lis in his brvry to ccpt ll his follis nd pologiz for thm. I prsonlly nvr found Rju s immorl bcus in th intil prt, Rosi's sttus s wif is so pitiful tht I lmost wntd Rju nd Rosi to fll in lov. Hnc I don't s Rju's downfll s punishmnt for his immorlity. Rju's trgdy ws tht h could nvr sy no. h just ccptd ll tht ws thrust upon him nd thus plyd diffrnt rols. Hnc h bcm shop ownr, tourist guid nd ltr on n gnt to Nlini lis Rosi's dnc prformnc. Howvr, not tking dcision is dcision in itslf nd indd, if Rju couldn't sy no, lso mns tht h wntd to sy no. Th nding is prhps th most nticing nd I bliv in Rju's trnsformtion from swindlr to sint. If I don't gr with it, I will b stigmtizd s n thist. nd I m nithr, so I will lv th intrprttion of Rju's chrctr for ltr, cus I nd som tim to fully procss th